[论文解读] Investigation of the transfer and dissipation of energy in isotropic turbulence
本论文通过大规模直接数值模拟(DNS)和理论分析,研究了各向同性湍流中的能量传递与耗散。通过引入无量纲耗散系数的改进模型,解决了长期存在的能量平衡问题,与DNS数据高度一致(Cε(∞) = 0.47,CL = 19.1),并验证了使用泰勒耗散代理量u³/L作为惯性能量通量估计的可靠性。
A parallel pseudospectral code for the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of isotropic turbulence has been developed. The code has been extensively benchmarked using established results from literature. The code has been used to conduct a series of runs for freely-decaying turbulence. We explore the use of power-law decay of the total energy to determine an evolved time and compare with the use of dynamic quantities such as the peak dissipation rate, maximum transport power and velocity derivative skewness. Stationary turbulence has also been investigated, where we ensure that the energy input rate remains constant for all runs. We present results for Reynolds numbers up to Rλ = 335 on a 1024^3 lattice. An exploitation of the pseudospectral technique is used to calculate second and third-order structure functions from the energy and transfer spectra, with a comparison presented to the real-space calculation. An alternative to ESS is discussed, with the second-order exponent found to approach 2/3. The dissipation anomaly is considered for forced and free-decay. The Kármán-Howarth equation (KHE) is studied and a derivation of a new work term presented. The balance of energy represented by the KHE is then investigated. Based on the KHE, we develop a model for the behaviour of the dimensionless dissipation coefficient that predicts Cε = Cε(\infty) + C_L/R_L, with Cε(\infty) = 0.47 and C_L = 19.1 obtained from DNS data. Theoretical methods based on RG and statistical closures are still being developed to study turbulence. The dynamic RG procedure used by Forster, Nelson and Stephen (FNS) is considered in some detail and a disagreement in the literature is resolved here. The application of statistical closure and renormalized perturbation theory is discussed and a new two-time model probability density functional presented.
研究动机与目标
- 解决各向同性湍流能量平衡中长期存在的模糊问题。
- 为衰减模拟中发展湍流的起始建立可靠的判据。
- 验证使用泰勒耗散代理量(u³/L)作为最大惯性能量通量代理的合理性。
- 基于DNS数据,发展并检验一种新的无量纲耗散系数理论模型。
- 解决福斯特、尼尔森和斯蒂芬(FNS)提出的动态重正化群(DRG)方法中的不一致问题,实现不同计算方法间的一致性。
提出的方法
- 开发了一种用于1024³网格上各向同性湍流直接数值模拟(DNS)的并行伪谱代码。
- 从高斯随机初始条件出发进行自由衰减湍流模拟,并从强迫模拟中演化速度场。
- 利用总能量及动态量(峰值耗散、输运功率、偏度)的幂律衰减来定义湍流的“演化”状态。
- 应用伪谱技术从能量谱和传递谱计算二阶与三阶结构函数,并与真实空间计算结果进行比较。
- 提出并检验了一种新的两时间概率密度泛函模型,其在二阶上自洽。
- 重新审视FNS的动态重正化群(DRG)方法,引入动量环路约束,弥合了文献中相互矛盾的结果。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在衰减模拟中,如何可靠地识别发展湍流的起始?
- RQ2泰勒耗散代理量(u³/L)在多大程度上能准确代表最大惯性能量通量?
- RQ3强迫各向同性湍流中无量纲耗散系数的正确函数形式是什么?
- RQ4为何文献中对FNS DRG方法中粘性增量的评估方法会得出不一致的结果?
- RQ5两时间概率密度泛函模型能否再现局部能量传递(LET)理论中的两时间协方差方程?
主要发现
- 无量纲耗散系数模型Cε = Cε(∞) + CL/RL在强迫湍流中与DNS数据高度吻合,Cε(∞) = 0.47,CL = 19.1。
- 泰勒耗散代理量u³/L比实际耗散率更能准确代表最大惯性能量通量。
- 当引入对环路动量的附加约束后,FNS的动态重正化群(DRG)方法在不同评估技术间实现一致,恢复了可靠性。
- 新提出的两时间概率密度泛函模型在二阶上自洽,并能再现局部能量传递(LET)理论中的两时间协方差方程。
- 扩展的自相似性(ESS)与结构函数的直接分析结果,其标度指数与既有文献一致。
- 卡曼-豪瑟方程(KHE)通过引入源自林方程的新功项得到扩展,该新项显著影响结构函数行为与能量平衡。
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