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[论文解读] Kondo Phase in Twisted Bilayer Graphene -- A Unified Theory for Distinct Experiments

Geng-Dong Zhou, Yijie Wang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 11, 2023
Quantum and electron transport phenomena参考文献 112被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出了一套统一的拓扑重费米子(THF)模型,用以解释魔角扭转双层石墨烯(MATBG)中的无能隙相,其中AA堆叠区域的局域磁矩通过Kondo屏蔽巡游狄拉克电子,形成在约1 meV处具有Kondo共振的重费米子费米液体。该理论通过将重费米子费米液体识别为非传统超导的母体态,统一解释了多种实验现象——零偏压峰、量子点类STM特征、庞姆兰丘克效应以及锯齿形压缩率——从而为MATBG低能物理提供了统一描述。

ABSTRACT

A number of interesting physical phenomena have been discovered in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG), such as superconductivity, correlated gapped and gapless phases, etc. The gapped phases are believed to be symmetry-breaking states described by mean-field theories, whereas gapless phases exhibit features beyond mean field. This work, combining poor man's scaling, numerical renormalization group, and dynamic mean-field theory, demonstrates that the gapless phases are the heavy Fermi liquid state with some symmetries broken and the others preserved. We adopt the recently proposed topological heavy fermion model for MATBG with effective local orbitals around AA-stacking regions and Dirac fermions surrounding them. At zero temperature and most non-integer fillings, the ground states are found to be heavy Fermi liquids and exhibit Kondo resonance peaks. The Kondo temperature $T_K$ is found at the order of 1meV. A higher temperature than $T_K$ will drive the system into a metallic LM phase where disordered LM's and a Fermi liquid coexist. At integer fillings $\pm1,\pm2$, $T_K$ is suppressed to zero or a value weaker than RKKY interaction, leading to Mott insulators or symmetry-breaking states. This theory offers a unified explanation for several experimental observations, such as zero-energy peaks and quantum-dot-like behaviors in STM, the Pomeranchuk effect, and the saw-tooth feature of inverse compressibility, etc. For future experimental verification, we predict that the Fermi surface in the gapless phase will shrink upon heating - as a characteristic of the heavy Fermi liquid. We also conjecture that the heavy Fermi liquid is the parent state of the observed unconventional superconductivity because the Kondo screening reduces the overwhelming Coulomb interaction (~60meV) to a rather small effective interaction (~1meV) comparable to possible weak attractive interactions.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决长期以来关于魔角扭转双层石墨烯(MATBG)中无能隙相的谜题,这些相无法用标准平均场理论描述。
  • 在单一微观框架下统一解释分散的实验观测结果——包括零能峰、量子点类行为、庞姆兰丘克效应以及锯齿形逆压缩率。
  • 确立拓扑重费米子(THF)模型作为MATBG低能物理的统一描述,尤其在非整数填充时。
  • 通过展示有效库仑相互作用因Kondo屏蔽而降低至约1 meV,确立重费米子费米液体为非传统超导的母体态。

提出的方法

  • 采用穷人标度法推导出在非整数填充时无能隙相中Kondo温度 $T_{\rm K} \sim 1$ meV。
  • 应用数值重整化组(NRG)和动态平均场理论(DMFT)研究巡游电子对局域磁矩(LMs)的Kondo屏蔽。
  • 使用拓扑重费米子(THF)模型,其中AA堆叠区域的有效局域 $f$-轨道(LMs)通过Kondo耦合与狄拉克 $c$-电子杂化。
  • 对平均场哈密顿量 $\hat{H}_{U}^{MF}, \hat{H}_{V}^{MF}, \hat{H}_{W}^{MF}, \hat{H}_{J}^{MF}$ 进行自洽计算,以评估对称性破缺态与RKKY相互作用。
  • 定义RKKY能量尺度 $J_{\rm RKKY} = \frac{1}{4}(E_{\rm AFM} - E_{\rm FM})$,用于比较Kondo与RKKY能量尺度。
  • 分析加热过程中费米面的收缩,作为重费米子费米液体行为的特征信号。
Figure 1: The THF model. (a) Top: red spheres represent the effective $f$ -electrons located at AA-stacking regions of MATBG, and blue spheres represent the itinerant $c$ -electrons. Bottom: the moiré Brillouin zone. (b) Black bands are given by the free part of the THF model ( $\hat{H}_{0}$ in Eq.
Figure 1: The THF model. (a) Top: red spheres represent the effective $f$ -electrons located at AA-stacking regions of MATBG, and blue spheres represent the itinerant $c$ -electrons. Bottom: the moiré Brillouin zone. (b) Black bands are given by the free part of the THF model ( $\hat{H}_{0}$ in Eq.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1为何MATBG中的无能隙相表现出平均场理论无法解释的零能峰与量子点类行为?
  • RQ2随着温度升高,Kondo效应如何介导重费米子费米液体与无序局域磁矩相之间的转变?
  • RQ3在整数填充时,RKKY相互作用相对于Kondo温度在决定对称性破缺态稳定性方面起何作用?
  • RQ4重费米子费米液体态能否解释逆压缩率中的庞姆兰丘克效应与锯齿形特征?
  • RQ5重费米子费米液体是否为MATBG中非传统超导的母体态?

主要发现

  • 在非整数填充的无能隙相中,Kondo温度 $T_{\rm K}$ 约为1 meV,表明存在强Kondo屏蔽。
  • 当温度高于 $T_{\rm K}$ 时,系统转变为金属态的局域磁矩相,其中无序局域磁矩服从居里定律,并与巡游电子的费米液体共存。
  • 在整数填充 $\pm1, \pm2$ 时,$T_{\rm K}$ 被抑制至零或低于RKKY相互作用尺度,导致莫特绝缘体或对称性破缺态。
  • 重费米子费米液体态表现出费米面随加热而收缩的特性,这是Kondo屏蔽的显著标志。
  • 由于Kondo屏蔽,有效库仑相互作用从 $U \sim 60$ meV 降低至 $U^{*} \sim 1$ meV,使得弱吸引相互作用能够驱动超导性。
  • 该理论通过重费米子费米液体框架,统一解释了STM中的零偏压峰、庞姆兰丘克效应、锯齿形逆压缩率以及量子点类特征。
Figure 2: Phases and fixed points in the single-impurity model. (a) Mean-field values of $\epsilon_{c,1},\epsilon_{f},G$ as functions of the total filling $\nu$ . (b) The Kondo energy scale estimated by the poor man’s scaling ( $D_{K}$ ), the NRG spectral density ( $k_{B}T_{\rm K}$ ), the NRG spin s
Figure 2: Phases and fixed points in the single-impurity model. (a) Mean-field values of $\epsilon_{c,1},\epsilon_{f},G$ as functions of the total filling $\nu$ . (b) The Kondo energy scale estimated by the poor man’s scaling ( $D_{K}$ ), the NRG spectral density ( $k_{B}T_{\rm K}$ ), the NRG spin s

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