[论文解读] Optimal Allocation for Chunked-Reward Advertising
本文提出了一种针对分段奖励广告的最优分配机制,其中出版商必须向广告商交付最低(下限)和最高(上限)数量的用户流量。该研究引入了一个带有极大化约束的0-1背包问题变体,并提出了一种两层动态规划算法,结合完全多项式时间近似方案(FPTAS),在合同约束下实现了高效且最优的收益最大化分配。
Abstract. Chunked-reward advertising is commonly used in the indus-try, such as the guaranteed delivery in display advertising and the daily-deal services (e.g., Groupon) in online shopping. In chunked-reward ad-vertising, the publisher promises to deliver at least a certain volume (a.k.a. tipping point or lower bound) of user traffic to an advertiser ac-cording to their mutual contract. At the same time, the advertiser may specify a maximum volume (upper bound) of traffic that he/she would like to pay for according to his/her budget constraint. The objective of the publisher is to design an appropriate mechanism to allocate the us-er traffic so as to maximize the overall revenue obtained from all such advertisers. In this paper, we perform a formal study on this problem, which we call Chunked-reward Allocation Problem (CAP). In particular, we formulate CAP as a knapsack-like problem with variable-sized items and majorization constraints. Our main results regarding CAP are as fol-lows. (1) We first show that for a special case of CAP, in which the lower bound equals the upper bound for each contract, there is a simple dy-namic programming-based algorithm that can find an optimal allocation in pseudo-polynomial time. (2) The general case of CAP is much more difficult than the special case. To solve the problem, we first discover several structural properties of the optimal allocation, and then design a two-layer dynamic programming-based algorithm that can find an opti-mal allocation in pseudo-polynomial time by leveraging these properties. (3) We convert the two-layer dynamic programming based algorithm to a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS), using the tech-nique developed in [8], combined with some careful modifications of the dynamic programs. Besides these results, we also investigate some nat-ural generalizations of CAP, and propose effective algorithms to solve them. 1
研究动机与目标
- 解决在分段奖励广告系统中分配用户流量的挑战,其中出版商需对每位广告商承诺最低和最高交付量。
- 将分段奖励分配问题(CAP)形式化为一种带有可变大小物品和极大化约束的0-1背包类优化问题。
- 针对下限与上限相等的特殊情况,利用动态规划开发一个最优算法。
- 通过发现最优分配的结构性质,将解决方案扩展至下限与上限不同的普遍情况。
- 将精确算法转化为完全多项式时间近似方案(FPTAS),以支持可扩展部署。
提出的方法
- 将CAP形式化为带有可变大小物品和极大化约束的0-1背包类问题,以建模广告商合同。
- 设计一种两层动态规划算法,利用最优分配的结构性质,以处理下限与上限不同的普遍情况。
- 采用文献[8]中的技术,将两层动态规划转化为完全多项式时间近似方案(FPTAS)。
- 对动态规划进行细致修改,以在保持精确情况最优性的同时确保近似保证。
- 研究CAP的自然推广形式,并为这些扩展场景提出有效算法。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在指定最低和最高交付量的分段奖励合同约束下,出版商如何最优地分配用户流量给广告商?
- RQ2在普遍的分段奖励广告问题中,最优分配的结构性质是什么?
- RQ3对于下限与上限相等的特殊情况,能否高效计算出精确解?
- RQ4能否为CAP的普遍情况设计一个完全多项式时间近似方案(FPTAS)?
- RQ5CAP的自然推广如何影响分配算法的设计与性能?
主要发现
- 对于下限与上限对每份合同均相等的特殊情况,基于动态规划的算法可在伪多项式时间内计算出最优分配。
- CAP的普遍情况更为复杂,但已识别出最优分配的结构性质,为算法设计提供了指导。
- 开发了一种两层动态规划算法,通过利用这些结构性质,在伪多项式时间内找到最优分配。
- 成功地将两层动态规划算法转化为完全多项式时间近似方案(FPTAS),实现了高效近似并保证性能。
- 本文还为CAP的自然推广形式提出了有效算法,将该框架的适用范围扩展至基础问题之外。
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