[论文解读] Physical properties of galaxies and their evolution in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey. II. Extending the mass-metallicity relation to the range z=0.89-1.24
本研究利用VIMOS VLT深空 Survey(VVDS)的深度光谱数据,将星系质量-金属丰度关系扩展至高红移(z ≈ 0.89–1.24)。通过结合诊断发射线线比与O2Ne3经验校准法,确认在z ≈ 1时金属丰度较本地宇宙低约0.3 dex,且在z ≈ 0.7至z ≈ 1.0之间,该关系的斜率或形态均无显著演化。
Aims. We present a continuation of our study about the relation between stellar mass and gas-phase metallicity in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). In this work we extend the determination of metallicities up to redshift = 1.24 for a sample of 42 star-forming galaxies with a mean redshift value of 0.99. Methods. For a selected sample of emission-line galaxies, we use both diagnostic diagrams and empirical calibrations based on [OII] emission lines along with the empirical relation between the intensities of the [OIII] and [NeIII] emission lines and the theoretical ratios between Balmer recombination emission lines to identify star-forming galaxies and to derive their metallicities. We derive stellar masses by fitting the whole spectral energy distribution with a set of stellar population synthesis models. Results. These new methods allow us to extend the mass-metallicity relation to higher redshift. We show that the metallicity determinations are consistent with more established strong-line methods. Taken together this allows us to study the evolution of the mass-metallicity relation up to z = 1.24 with good control of systematic uncertainties. We find an evolution with redshift of the average metallicity of galaxies very similar to those reported in the literature: for a given stellar mass, galaxies at z = 1 have, on average, a metallicity = 0.3 dex lower than galaxies in the local universe. However we do not see any significant metallicity evolution between redshifts z = 0.7 (Paper I) and z = 1.0 (this paper). We find also the same flattening of the mass-metallicity relation for the most massive galaxies as reported in Paper I at lower redshifts, but again no apparent evolution of the slope is seen between z = 0.7 and z = 1.0.
研究动机与目标
- 将质量-金属丰度(M-Z)关系的测量扩展至更高红移(z ≈ 0.89–1.24),填补恒星形成峰值宇宙时期的关键空白。
- 评估在z ≈ 0.7–1.0红移范围内M-Z关系的演化情况,该区间观测约束稀疏且存在矛盾。
- 验证一种基于[O ii]和[Ne iii]发射线的新方法——O2Ne3参数——在高红移星系中推导气相金属丰度的可靠性。
- 量化高红移金属丰度测量中由选择效应和谱线强度偏差引起的系统性不确定度。
提出的方法
- 从VIMOS VLT深空 Survey 中选取了42个星系,其[O ii]、[Ne iii]和Hγ或Hδ发射线具有可靠的检测结果。
- 利用基于[O ii]、[Ne iii]和巴尔默线线比的诊断图示,识别星系并排除活动星系核(AGN)污染。
- 应用经验性O2Ne3参数——关联[O ii]与[Ne iii]谱线强度——以推导氧丰度,该参数经由理论Hβ/Hγ线比进行校准。
- 使用星族合成模型拟合星系的完整光谱能量分布(SED),以获得星族质量,不确定度小于0.3 dex。
- 将O2Ne3法推导的金属丰度与标准强线方法的结果进行比较,以验证一致性并评估选择偏差。
- 分析深度与广角巡天区域,以评估样本同质性及潜在的场依赖系统性偏差。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在z ≈ 0.7至z ≈ 1.0之间,质量-金属丰度关系是否在斜率或归一化上发生显著演化?
- RQ2对于发射线较弱的高红移星系,O2Ne3经验校准法在推导金属丰度方面是否可靠?
- RQ3选择效应(如[O ii]和[Ne iii]线的信噪比要求)在多大程度上影响了推导出的金属丰度分布?
- RQ4观测到的金属丰度演化是否与分层星系形成模型一致,特别是对大质量星系而言?
- RQ5本研究结果与DEEP2和GOODS等其他高红移巡天在相似红移下的结果相比如何?
主要发现
- O2Ne3方法提供的金属丰度估计值与标准强线校准法一致,验证了其在高红移研究中的适用性。
- 在z ≈ 1时,星系的平均金属丰度较同质量本地星系低约0.3 dex,证实了宇宙化学演化。
- 尽管样本量较小,但在z ≈ 0.7至z ≈ 1.0之间,M-Z关系的斜率或归一化均无显著演化。
- 大质量星系的M-Z关系变平缓的特征在高红移下依然保持,与论文I中低红移结果一致。
- 由于弱发射线检测偏差导致的选择效应可能略微偏向低金属丰度星系,但并未显著改变整体趋势。
- 结果与DEEP2和GOODS独立研究一致,后者也报告在z ≈ 1时金属丰度低约0.2–0.3 dex。
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