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[论文解读] Single crystal synthesis, structure, and magnetism of Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O

Pascal Puphal, Mochammad Yan Pandu Akbar|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 11, 2023
Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism参考文献 21被引用 13
一句话总结

Phase-pure Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O 单晶生长并进行了彻底表征;它们高度绝缘,Cu 分布不均匀,未发现室温超导的证据,尽管观察到了微小的铁磁分量和抗磁性。

ABSTRACT

The recent claim of superconductivity above room temperature in Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O with 0.9 < $x$ < 1 (referred to as LK-99) has sparked considerable interest. To minimize the influence of structural defects and impurity phases on the physical properties, we have synthesized phase-pure single crystals with $x \sim 1$. We find that the crystals are highly insulating and optically transparent. X-ray analysis reveals an uneven distribution of the substituted Cu throughout the sample. Temperature ($T$) dependent magnetization measurements for $ 2 \leq T \leq 800$ K reveal the diamagnetic response characteristic of a non-magnetic insulator, as well as a small ferromagnetic component, possibly originating from frustrated exchange interactions in Cu-rich clusters in the Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O structure. No anomalies indicative of phase transitions are observed. We therefore rule out the presence of superconductivity in Pb$_{9}$Cu(PO$_4$)$_6$O crystals, and provide some considerations on the origin of anomalies previously reported in experiments on polycrystalline specimen.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过相纯单晶,推动对 LK-99 超导性主张的决定性测试。
  • 确定 Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O 的晶体结构及 Cu 替代模式。
  • 在广泛的温度范围(2–800 K)表征磁性和电子传输性质。
  • 评估Cu分布是否影响磁性响应和潜在的超导信号。

提出的方法

  • 利用含磷酸盐前驱体,通过 traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) 生长相纯 Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O 单晶。
  • 通过粉末和单晶 X 射线衍射(PXRD 与 XRD)表征晶体结构,包括 Rietveld 精修。
  • 使用能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDX)在多块晶体上绘制 Cu 分布图。
  • 在 2–800 K 范围内,在 FC/ZFC 条件和高场(高达 7 T)下使用 MPMS 测量磁化率;进行时依赖性磁化率测量以识别玻璃态动力学。
  • 尝试四探针直流电阻率测量以探测电子输运;进行差示热分析(DTA/TG)以评估热稳定性。
  • 通过加热前后的 PXRD 监控结构完整性;评估可能的杂质相(如 Cu$_2$S)作为先前信号的替代表现。
Figure 1: a) Selected region of the PbO - P 2 O 5 phase diagram from Ref. 14 , with the phase formation temperature plotted as a function of the mol% of P 2 O 5 . The blue arrow indicates the peritectic growth region of Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O, and vertical thick black lines highlight the three surroundin
Figure 1: a) Selected region of the PbO - P 2 O 5 phase diagram from Ref. 14 , with the phase formation temperature plotted as a function of the mol% of P 2 O 5 . The blue arrow indicates the peritectic growth region of Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O, and vertical thick black lines highlight the three surroundin

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在常压下,Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O 是否在室温或附近温度出现超导?
  • RQ2Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O 晶格中实际 Cu 替代水平及其空间分布如何?
  • RQ3相纯 Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O 在广泛温度范围内的磁性和传输性质如何,是否出现信号异常指示相变?
  • RQ4结构缺陷或Cu富集簇如何影响磁性行为以及在多晶样品中的潜在误解?

主要发现

  • 单晶生长得到相纯的 Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O,Cu 在晶体中分布不均匀;平均Cu 含量接近早期报道中主张的 x~1 区间。
  • Cu 替代与晶格收缩相关,单晶精修表明 Cu 占位很低(在精修模型中 Cu1/Cu2 位点约为 ~0.1),推测存在氧空位。
  • 晶体高度绝缘且半透明;四点电阻测量在室温下得到的阻力大于 MΩ,排除金属或超导传输。
  • 磁化率在高场下对 800 K 显示抗磁响应,存在微小的铁磁/夹角反铁磁分量,可能来自 Cu-rich 集簇和受挫的自旋耦合;居里尾部暗示存在参数磁性杂质。
  • 在磁化率或其他测量中没有超导转变的异常;在 2 K 和 7 T 下的时变磁化率表明簇状自旋玻璃样动力学,而非体相超导。
  • EDX 映射揭示晶体内外 Cu 含量存在显著的空间变化,表明为不均匀替代而非均匀掺杂相。
Figure 2: (a) Reconstructed XRD intensity map of the (0 k l) plane measured on a single crystal with a size of approximately 1 mm 3 . The corresponding refinement results are presented in Tab. 1 . (b) XRD map of the (h k 0) plane. (c) Schematic of the refined crystal structure in $P6_{3}/m$ in the p
Figure 2: (a) Reconstructed XRD intensity map of the (0 k l) plane measured on a single crystal with a size of approximately 1 mm 3 . The corresponding refinement results are presented in Tab. 1 . (b) XRD map of the (h k 0) plane. (c) Schematic of the refined crystal structure in $P6_{3}/m$ in the p

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