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[论文解读] Surgery operations to fold maps to increase connected components of singular sets by two

Naoki Kitazawa|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 6, 2020
Geometric and Algebraic Topology参考文献 17被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出了一种新型的折痕图映射手术操作,通过在目标流形上进行受控的拓扑修改,使奇异集的连通分支数恰好增加两个。该方法推广了早期的鼓泡操作,并提供了一种在高维流形上构造具有受控奇异集拓扑的新折痕图映射的构造性方法,推动了通过折痕图映射理论理解流形结构的进展。

ABSTRACT

In geometry, understanding the topologies and the differentiable structures of manifolds in constructive ways is fundamental and important. It is in general difficult, especially for higher dimensional manifolds. The author is interested in this and trying to understand manifolds via construction of explicit fold maps: differentiable maps locally represented as product maps of Morse functions and identity maps on open balls. Fold maps have been fundamental and useful in investigating the manifolds by observing (the sets of) singular points and values and preimages as Thom and Whitney's pioneering studies and recent studies of Kobayashi, Saeki, Sakuma, and so on, show. Here, construction of explicit fold maps on explicit manifolds is difficult. The author constructed several explicit families of fold maps and investigated the manifolds admitting the maps. Main fundamental methods are surgery operations (bubbling operations), the author recently introduced motivated by Kobayashi and Saeki's studies such as operations to deform generic differentiable maps whose codimensions are negative into the plane preserving the differentiable structure of the manifold in 1996 and so on. We remove a neighborhood of a (an immersed) submanifold consisting of regular values in the target space, attach a new map and obtain a new fold map such that the number of connected components of the set consisting of singular points increases. In this paper, we investigate cases where the numbers increase by two and obtain cases of a new type.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种系统化的手术操作,使折痕图映射中奇异集的连通分支数恰好增加两个。
  • 将折痕图映射理论中现有的鼓泡操作推广,以在高维流形上构造新的显式折痕图映射。
  • 提供一种在保持源流形微分结构的同时修改折痕图映射的构造性方法。
  • 探讨此类手术对Reeb空间及定义流形上同调不变量的拓扑影响。
  • 推广先前关于稳定折痕图映射及其奇异集行为在受控拓扑修改下的结果。

提出的方法

  • 手术操作从目标空间中移除一个子流形的邻域,该子流形由正则值构成,且与奇异值集不相交。
  • 在被移除邻域的补集上附加一个新的折痕图映射,保持原始流形的微分结构。
  • 该构造确保奇异集的连通分支数恰好增加两个,通过在被移除区域边界上进行受控粘合实现。
  • 该方法依赖于稳定折痕图映射,其中奇异集浸入的交叉点为横截的,且原像恰好包含两个点。
  • 使用Reeb空间作为拓扑不变量,分析修改后折痕图映射的全局结构。
  • 该方法通过推广Kobayashi和Saeki的早期鼓泡操作,将其适应为使奇异集分支数增加两个而非一个。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何设计手术操作,使折痕图映射中奇异集的连通分支数恰好增加两个?
  • RQ2为确保手术后结果映射仍为稳定折痕图,必须满足哪些拓扑约束?
  • RQ3该手术如何影响源流形的Reeb空间和上同调不变量?
  • RQ4此类手术能否系统性地应用于在高维流形上构造新的折痕图映射族?
  • RQ5法向交叉点和原像结构在实现奇异集复杂度受控增加中的作用是什么?

主要发现

  • 手术操作成功地使奇异集的连通分支数恰好增加两个,实现了新型的拓扑修改。
  • 结果映射仍为稳定折痕图,所有奇异集浸入的交叉点均为横截的,且原像恰好包含两个点。
  • 新折痕图映射的Reeb空间反映了拓扑变化,定义流形与Reeb空间在度数不超过 $m - n - 1$ 的上同调群是同构的,其中 $m$ 和 $n$ 分别为定义流形和目标流形的维数。
  • 该构造保持了原始流形的微分结构,确保映射保持光滑且 proper。
  • 该方法推广了先前的鼓泡操作,允许受控地使奇异集复杂度增加两个分支。
  • 分段光滑和PL范畴的构造证实了存在一个 $(m+1)$-维PL流形可收缩至Reeb空间,支持了手术的拓扑一致性。

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