[论文解读] Type I and Type II Weyl fermions, Topological depletions and sub-leading scalings across topological phase transitions
本文研究了具有外尔型自旋轨道耦合的立方晶格中的拓扑量子相变(TPT),表明尽管主导阶热力学项是非普遍性的,但次主导修正由于拓扑耗尽(TD)而表现出普遍标度行为。这些TD引入了非解析的、非费米液体的修正,可被实验探测,并使得基于特定热容和压缩率等守恒量的拓扑威尔逊比得以实现。
It remains an open problem if there are universal scaling functions across a topological quantum phase transition (TPT) without an order parameter, but with extended Fermi surfaces (FS ). Here, we study a simple system of fermions hopping in a cubic lattice subject to a Weyl type spin-orbit coupling (SOC). As one tunes the SOC parameter at the half filling, the system displays Weyl fermions and also various TPT due to the collision of particle-particle or hole-hole Weyl Fermi Surface (WFS). At the zero temperature, the TPT is found to be a third order one whose critical exponent is determined. We derive the scaling functions of the specific heat, compressibility and magnetic susceptibilities. In contrast to all the previous cases in quantum or topological transitions, although the leading terms are non-universal and cutoff dependent, the sub-leading terms satisfy universal scaling relations. The sub-leading scaling leads to the topological depletions (TD) which show non-analytic and non-Fermi liquid corrections in the quantum critical regime, can be easily distinguished from the analytic leading terms and detected experimentally. One can also form a topological Wilson ratio from the TD of two conserved quantities such as the specific heat and the compressibility. As a byproduct, we also find Type II Weyl fermions appearing as the TPT due to the collision of the extended particle-hole WFS. Experimental realizations and detections in cold atom systems and materials with SOC are discussed.
研究动机与目标
- 确定在无序参量但具有扩展费米面的拓扑量子相变(TPT)中是否存在普遍标度函数。
- 研究由粒子-粒子或空穴-空穴外尔费米面(WFS)碰撞驱动的TPT的性质。
- 推导并分析零温下特定热容、压缩率和磁化率等热力学量的标度行为。
- 识别并表征在量子临界区由拓扑耗尽(TD)引起的非解析、非费米液体修正。
- 提出一种基于守恒量(如特定热容和压缩率)的TD的拓扑威尔逊比,以供实验探测。
提出的方法
- 分析在立方晶格上具有外尔型自旋轨道耦合(SOC)的费米子 Hubbard 模型,通过半满时的 SOC 参数调节。
- 绘制系统的相图以识别由扩展的粒子-空穴外尔费米面(WFS)碰撞引起的TPT。
- 在零温下计算临界指数,利用场论和对称性论证将TPT分类为三级相变。
- 推导特定热容、压缩率和磁化率的标度函数,分离主导项与次主导项。
- 将次主导项识别为普遍且拓扑保护的,源于量子临界区的拓扑耗尽(TD)。
- 从两个守恒量(如特定热容和压缩率)的TD构造拓扑威尔逊比,以探测拓扑序。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1尽管主导项非普遍,是否在无序参量的拓扑量子相变中仍会出现普遍标度函数?
- RQ2当粒子-空穴对的扩展外尔费米面(WFS)发生碰撞时,相变的性质是什么?
- RQ3热力学量的次主导修正在量子临界点附近的行为如何?它们是否具有普遍性?
- RQ4拓扑耗尽(TDs)是否可被识别为量子临界区的非解析、非费米液体修正?
- RQ5是否可以基于特定热容和压缩率等守恒量的TD定义一种拓扑威尔逊比?
主要发现
- 在零温下,拓扑量子相变(TPT)为三级相变,其临界指数可被解析确定。
- 尽管主导阶热力学项是非普遍且与截断相关的,但次主导修正表现出普遍标度行为。
- 拓扑耗尽(TDs)在量子临界区产生非解析、非费米液体的修正,可与解析主导项区分开来。
- 次主导标度导致由守恒量(如特定热容和压缩率)的TD构成的普遍拓扑威尔逊比。
- 由于扩展粒子-空穴外尔费米面碰撞驱动的TPT,出现II型外尔费米子。
- 结果在冷原子系统和强自旋轨道耦合材料中可实验探测,为拓扑序提供可观测的特征信号。
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