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[论文解读] Wegner model in high dimension: U(1) symmetry breaking and a non-standard phase of disordered electronic matter, I. One-replica theory

Martin R. Zirnbauer|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 29, 2023
Physics of Superconductivity and MagnetismPhysics and Astronomy被引用 3
一句话总结

该论文通过在Wegner N轨道模型中识别U(1)对称性的自发性自发性破缺,提出了一种高维($d \geq 3$)安德森局域化相变的新场论,该破缺将非线性$\sigma$-模型的耦合常数分解为两个独立参数。这导致了两参数标度情景,并揭示了一种新的、第三种无序电子物质相——与金属和绝缘体不同——其特征为分形波函数和奇异连续能谱,该相由各向异性的刚度$\lambda_\sigma \gg \lambda_\tau$稳定。该理论通过强耦合区的玻色化推导得出,取代了标准的弱耦合$\sigma$-模型方法。

ABSTRACT

The Anderson transition between localized and metallic states is traditionally analyzed by assuming a one-parameter scaling hypothesis. Although that hypothesis has been confirmed near two dimensions by epsilon = d-2 expansion of the Wegner-Efetov nonlinear sigma model, there exists mounting evidence that the transition in d=3 or higher may have a second branch and that two relevant parameters are needed in order to describe the universal behavior at criticality. Doubt of the standard hypothesis also comes from field theory. Indeed, increasing the space dimension pushes the Anderson transition towards strong disorder, where a strong-coupling approach very different from the usual weak-coupling analysis of the sigma model is called for. In the present work, we develop a novel field theory of Anderson transitions at strong coupling based on the key observation that the U(1) symmetry which distinguishes retarded from advanced fields may undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking. That symmetry breakdown splits the sigma model coupling into two, thus leading to a natural scenario of two-parameter scaling. While we develop the field theory from the concrete starting point of the Wegner N-orbital model, we believe our results to be of much wider applicability. The first of a series, the present paper offers a pedagogical introduction to the main ideas in the setting of the one-replica theory. Subsequent papers will employ the self-consistent approximation of Abou-Chacra et al. and develop the full supersymmetric theory. The latter establishes the existence of a new renormalization-group fixed point, whose basin of attraction constitutes a third phase of disordered electronic matter.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在强无序区以及高维安德森相变中,单参数标度假设的局限性。
  • 为标准 Hubbard-Stratonovich 方法失效的系统,发展超越弱耦合$\sigma$-模型的场论框架。
  • 通过非线性$\sigma$-模型中自发性U(1)对称性破缺,建立两参数标度机制。
  • 识别一种新的、第三种无序电子物质相,其特征为非遍历扩展态和分形波函数。
  • 为后续的超对称推广奠定基础,揭示具有独特临界行为的非微扰固定点。

提出的方法

  • 引入一种与标准 Hubbard-Stratonovich 场对偶的玻色化场论,以在强耦合区实现控制。
  • 将单副本理论用作教学框架,先推导场论结构,再推广至超对称极限。
  • 识别出两个不同的刚度参数:$\lambda_\sigma$(横向)和$\lambda_\tau$(纵向),其源于简并目标流形上的各向异性涨落。
  • 利用重整化群(RG)分析追踪$\lambda_\sigma$与$\lambda_\tau$的演化,识别出对应于金属、绝缘体和新临界相的固定点。
  • 通过积分掉$\lambda_\sigma \to \infty$极限,构建简化理论,得到与整数量子霍尔效应共形场论对偶的主规范模型。
  • 利用超级玻色化技术处理$N \geq 2$轨道情形,将单副本结果推广至后续工作的完整超对称理论。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在$d \geq 3$的安德森相变中,单参数标度假设是否可因发现两个相关参数的证据而被证伪?
  • RQ2非线性$\sigma$-模型中自发性U(1)对称性破缺是否自然导致两参数标度情景?
  • RQ3是否存在一种新的、第三种无序电子物质相,其具有分形波函数和奇异连续能谱?
  • RQ4在强耦合区是否存在一个不同于标准金属与绝缘体固定点的非微扰RG固定点?
  • RQ5在$\lambda_\sigma \to \infty$极限下,主规范模型是否可作为有效理论出现,且是否可通过拓扑激发实现$\lambda_\tau = 0$的流动?

主要发现

  • 在强耦合区,区分传播场与先进场的U(1)对称性发生自发性破缺,导致两个独立的耦合常数$\lambda_\sigma$与$\lambda_\tau$。
  • 该理论在$\lambda_\sigma \to \infty$且$\lambda_\tau \to 0$处表现出第三个RG固定点,该点与金属和绝缘体固定点均不同。
  • 该新固定点完全吸引,对应于具有分形波函数和奇异连续能谱的相。
  • 临界长度$\xi_2$以指数$\nu_2 = \nu_D + \nu_E$发散,例如当$\nu_D = \nu_E = 1/2$时,$\nu_2 = 1$,表明具有幂律临界性。
  • 在$\lambda_\sigma \to \infty$极限下,横向自由度被精确积出,得到主规范模型,其与整数量子霍尔效应所提出的CFT一致。
  • 该理论通过修正场论框架而非破坏共形不变性,解决了非线性$\sigma$-模型与共形对称性之间的矛盾。

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