Sunhwa Lee

The ruthenium complex [Cp( i Pr 3 P)Ru(NCCH 3 ) 2 ] + ( 1 ) catalyzes the regioselective hydrosilylation of pyridines to 1,4-dihydropyridines. Substitution in the 3- and 5-positions is tolerated, whereas pyridines with substituents in the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions are not reduced. Reduction of functionalized pyridines having keto and ester substituents results in a mixture of products. N -Silyl-1,4-dihydropyridine reacts with ketones and aldehydes to give products of N–Si addition across the C═O b

In view of the difficulty in preparing single crystals, a c-axis oriented epitaxial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film was prepared as a model system for the single-crystalline PZT. By employing an extraordinary backscattering configuration in which the relevant phonon wave vector, k, is parallel to the film/substrate interface, we have successfully isolated the E [transverse optical (TO)] symmetry phonons from A1(TO) phonons. Compared with polarized Raman spectra of the c-axis oriented PbTiO3 f

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex, leading to weakness of the limb and bulbar muscles. Although the immediate cause of death in ALS is the destruction of motor neurons, ALS is a multi-organ disease that also affects the lungs, spleen, and liver. Melittin is one of components of bee venom and has anti-neuroinflammatory effects in the spinal c

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) includes progressively degenerated motor neurons in the brainstem, motor cortex, and spinal cord. Recent reports demonstrate the dysfunction of multiple organs, including the lungs, spleen, and liver, in ALS animals and patients. Bee venom acupuncture (BVA) has been used for treating inflammatory diseases in Oriental Medicine. In a previous study, we demonstrated that BV prevented motor neuron death and increased anti-inflammation in the spinal cord of symptom

Stability of azosemide after incubation in various pH solutions, human plasma, human gastric juice, and rat liver homogenates, metabolism of azosemide after incubation in 9000 g supernatant fraction of various rat tissue homogenates in the presence of NADPH, tissue distribution of azosemide and M1 after intravenous (i.v.) administration of azosemide, 20 mg kg-1, to rats, and blood partition of azosemide between plasma and blood cells from rabbit blood were studied. Azosemide seemed to be stable

This study is to investigate water quality changes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) at Gangjung-Goryeong Weir and Dalseong weir, in 2012-2013. Concentration of COD, TOC, T-N, T-P showed 3.5~6.8 mg/L, 3.4~6.5 mg/L, 1.8~4.0 mg/L, 0.08~0.12 mg/L respectively, in the Nakdong river main stream. Water quality of Dalseong weir showed lower level of contamination than that of Gangjung-Goryeong weir. Because of input loading of nutrients and organic matters from tributaries. At the analysis of sedimen

Patients with diabetes mellitus are highly susceptible to cardiovascular complications, which are directly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition to coronary artery disease, there is growing awareness of the risk and prevalence of heart failure (HF) in patients with diabetes. Echocardiography is an essential diagnostic modality commonly performed in patients with symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as dyspnea or chest pain, to establish or rule

Of 265 patients with an echocardiographic diagnosis with cardiac myxomas, 174 (65.7%) were surgically confirmed with myxomas. Compared with cardiac myxoma, other tumors were smaller and more frequently found in non-atrial sites. Thrombi were associated with AF and larger LA diameter.

Central to NF-κB signaling pathways is IKKγ/NEMO, a regulatory subunit of the cytoplasmic IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which undergoes various posttranslational modifications, specifically phosphorylation, to regulate its function. Furthermore, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) FADD-like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) converting enzyme (FLICE) inhibitory protein (vFLIP) activates the NF-κB signaling pathway by directly interacting with IKKγ/NEMO. However, the exact functions of IKKγ/NEMO phosp

Microglia are the primary immune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), where they play essential roles in the health and disease. Depending on the CNS inflammatory milieu, they exist in either resting or activated states. Chronic neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia is now considered to be a common characteristic shared by many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which currently pose a signific

The gene encoding α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AFase) from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The AFase gene (abfA) comprises a 1,509 bp open reading frame encoding 502 amino acids with a molecular mass of 56,520 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene shows that AbfA is an enzyme consisting of only a catalytic domain, and that the enzyme has significant similarity to AFases classified into the family 51 of the glycosyl hydrolases. abfA was