Young-Hoon Song

Many plants use information about changing day length (photoperiod) to align their flowering time with seasonal changes to increase reproductive success. A mechanism for photoperiodic time measurement is present in leaves, and the day-length-specific induction of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which encodes florigen, is a major final output of the pathway. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which photoperiodic information is perceived in order to trigge

Plants use day-length information to coordinate flowering time with the appropriate season to maximize reproduction. In Arabidopsis, the long day-specific expression of CONSTANS (CO) protein is crucial for flowering induction. Although light signaling regulates CO protein stability, the mechanism by which CO is stabilized in the long-day afternoon has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1) protein stabilizes CO protein in the afternoon in long da

Many plants measure changes in day length to synchronize their flowering time with appropriate seasons for maximum reproductive success. In Arabidopsis, the day-length-dependent regulation of Constans (CO) protein stability is crucial to induce flowering locus T (FT) expression for flowering in long days. The flavin-binding, KELCH repeat, F-box1 (FKF1) protein binds to CO protein specifically in the long-day afternoon and stabilizes it, although the mechanism remains unknown. Here we demonstrate

LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) is a bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor that activates photomorphogenesis and root development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previously, STF1 (soybean [Glycine max] TGACG-motif binding factor 1), a homologous legume protein with a RING-finger motif and a bZIP domain, was reported in soybean. To investigate the role of STF1, the phenotypes of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing STF1 and HY5 were compared. In addition, the DNA-binding propertie

Plants monitor changes in day length to coordinate flowering with favorable seasons to increase their fitness. The day-length specific induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulated by CONSTANS (CO) is the crucial aspect of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies have elucidated some mechanisms of CO-dependent FT induction. Here, we demonstrate another mechanism of CO-dependent FT regulation. Our results indicate that CO protein partially regulates FT transcription by form

이 연구는 난민의 대량이주를 둘러싼 국제사회의 인도주의와 난민 수용국의 난민정책과의 갈등을 분석하고 있다. 사하라이남 아프리카 국가들 중에서 난민 수용에 가장 적극적이었던 케냐 정부가 소말리아 난민의 유입에 대응하는 난민정책을 중심으로 난민정책의 안보화 현상을 설명하고 있다. 즉 케냐 정부는 자국 내에서 발생하는 테러로 인하여 국내에 거주하는 소말리아 난민들의 문제를 인도주의에 따른 지원을 통해 해결하려는 정책보다는 점차 소말리아 난민들이 국가안보를 위협하는 요인으로 인식하는 안보우선 정책을 채택하고 있다. 케냐정부가 난민문제를 안보화하면서 전 세계에서 가장 오래되고 가장 큰 난민캠프인 다다브 캠프에 거주하는 소말리아 난민을 송환시키기 위해 케냐 정부는 소말리아 정부와 난민송환협정을 2013년에 맺었다. 2011년 이후 알샤바브에 의해 빈번하게 발생하는 테러로 인하여 케냐 정부가 소말리아 난민의 대량 유입을 안보의 문제로 삼고 난민캠프를 폐쇄하고자 하는 것이다. 케냐 정부에 의한 난

Members of the TGA family of basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factors regulate defense genes through physical interaction with NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). Of the seven TGA family members, TGA4/octopine synthase (ocs)-element-binding factor 4 (OBF4) is the least understood. Here we present evidence for a novel function of OBF4 as a regulator of flowering. We identified CONSTANS (CO), a positive regulator of floral induction, as an OBF4-interacting protein, in a yeast two-hybrid library

Plants have become physiologically adapted to a seasonally shifting environment by evolving many sensory mechanisms. Seasonal flowering is a good example of adaptation to local environmental demands and is crucial for maximizing reproductive fitness. Photoperiod and temperature are major environmental stimuli that control flowering through expression of a floral inducer, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein. Recent discoveries made using the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> have shown that the

KEY MESSAGE: FKF1 dimerization is crucial for proper FT levels to fine-tune flowering time. Attenuating FKF1 homodimerization increased CO abundance by enhancing its COP1 binding, thereby accelerating flowering under long days. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the blue-light photoreceptor FKF1 (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) plays a key role in inducing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), encoding the main florigenic signal in plants, in the late afternoon under long-day cond

In order to flower in the appropriate season, plants monitor light and temperature changes and alter downstream pathways that regulate florigen genes such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). In Arabidopsis, FT messenger RNA levels peak in the morning and evening under natural long-day conditions (LDs). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing morning FT induction remain poorly understood. The morning FT peak is absent in typical laboratory LDs characterized by high

Abstract Ginsenosides are the most valuable and pharmacologically active triterpenoid saponins found in Panax ginseng . Although light quality affects ginsenoside content, little is known about the underlying genetic and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the correlation between the adaptability of ginseng to shade and ginsenoside biosynthesis remains poorly understood. In the present study, transcriptome analysis of ginseng seedlings using RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of ginsen