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Cultured muscle tissue-based protein products, also known as cultured meat, are produced through in vitro myogenesis involving muscle stem cell culture and differentiation, and mature muscle cell processing for flavor and texture. This review focuses on the in vitro myogenesis for cultured meat production. The muscle stem cell-based in vitro muscle tissue production consists of a sequential process: (1) muscle sampling for stem cell collection, (2) muscle tissue dissociation and muscle stem cell

We enzymatically modified rice starch to produce highly branched amylopectin and amylose and analyzed the resulting structural changes. To prepare the highly branched amylopectin cluster (HBAPC), we first treated waxy rice starch with Thermus scotoductus alpha-glucanotransferase (TSalphaGT), followed by treatment with Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase (BSMA). Highly branched amylose (HBA) was prepared by incubating amylose with Bacillus subtilis 168 branching enzyme (BBE) and subseq

Although it is well known that mRNA is present in mammalian spermatozoa, the relevance of mRNA to capacitation and early embryo development in the pig remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated differences in the abundance of selected mRNAs coding for MYC, CYP19, ADAM2, PRM1 and PRM2 in purified porcine spermatozoa depending on embryo cleavage rate and capacitation (n=20 semen samples). Semen samples were used in IVF procedures, with subsequent embryo development classified into one

With the emergence of genome-wide colorimetric in situ hybridization (ISH) data sets such as the Allen Brain Atlas, it is important to understand the relationship between this gene expression modality and those derived from more quantitative based technologies. This study introduces a novel method for standardized relative quantification of colorimetric ISH signal that enables a large-scale cross-platform expression level comparison of ISH with two publicly available microarray brain data source

One of the problems associated with in vitro culture of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is the large loss of cells during the initial period of culture. This study characterized the initial loss and determined the effectiveness of two classes of apoptosis inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and antioxidants on the ability of porcine PGCs to survive in culture. Results from electron microscopic analysis and in situ DNA fragmentation assay indicated that porcine PGCs rapidly undergo apoptosis when place

In nuclear transplantation, serum starvation is a general method to synchronize donor cells at the quiescent stage (G(0)) of the cell cycle. However, serum starvation during culture of mammalian cells may induce cell death, especially through apoptosis, thus contributing to the low efficiency of nuclear transplantation. This study was performed to characterize apoptosis during serum starvation and to determine the effects of apoptosis inhibitors such as a protease inhibitor [alpha(2)-macroglobul

In pigs, the morphology and cell number of in vitro-produced blastocysts are inferior to those of their in vivo counterparts. The objective of this study was to increase developmental competence and to gain an understanding of cell allocation in blastocysts derived from the aggregation of four-cell stage porcine embryos produced in vitro. After removal of the zona pellucida, two (2x) and three (3x) four-cell stage embryos were aggregated by co-culturing them in aggregation plates. Five days afte

As embryonic stem (ES) cells are not available in swine, embryonic germ (EG) cells derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) are an alternate source of pluripotent embryonic cells for genetic modification through homologous recombination. Although morphological and biochemical characteristics are similar between ES and EG cells, culture conditions are quite different. To optimize the culture condition for the establishment of porcine EG cells, porcine PGCs were cultured in vitro with various com

Cellular reprogramming of committed cells into a pluripotent state can be induced by ectopic expression of genes such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. Reprogrammed cells can be maintained by activating endogenous pluripotent networks without transgene expression. Although various research groups have attempted to generate pig induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), authentic iPSCs have not be obtained, instead showing dependence on transgene expression. In this study, iPSCs were derived from porcin

Cellular agriculture is an emerging research field of agribiotechnology that aims to produce agricultural products using stem cells, without sacrificing animals or cultivating crops. Cultivated meat, as a representative cellular product of cellular agriculture, is being actively researched due to global food insecurity, environmental, and ethical concerns. This review focuses on the application of stem cells, which are the seeds of cellular agriculture, for the production of cultivated meat, wit

Taken together, our results demonstrated that SOX2 is essential for ICM formation and cell proliferation in porcine early-stage embryogenesis.

There has been much effort on automating the detection of LV boundary as the left ventricular angiography has been recognized as an important tool for diagnosis of the heart disease. LV boundary extraction is a complex problem because of the wide variation in image contrast caused by structures other than the dye-filled ventricle, the incomplete mixing of the dye in the ventricle, and the broad range in ventricular shape, size, and orientation. Most of techniques have focused on extracting the b

Here, we report in vivo developmental competent pig embryonic stem cells (ESCs) originating from in vitro-fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos cultured in chemically defined culture media. The pig ESC lines expressed pluripotency markers and were capable of forming teratomas following subcutaneous injection into nude mice. These cell lines would be a useful resource for comparative developmental biology and agricultural biotechnology.