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In circuit breakers, arc heaters and arc welding apparatus, metal vapor resulting from electrode erosion is inevitably injected into the arc plasma. The arc then burns in a mixture of the working gas (SF/sub 6/ in the case of circuit breakers) and electrode vapor, whose properties are substantially different from those of pure SF/sub 6/. The present work is a computational investigation into the effects of electrode vapor on the behavior of a supersonic nozzle arc under dc conditions. The arc an

The Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) is one of the most important determinators of how much stress layered cathode materials undergo during charge and discharge; however, many reports have shown that traces of superstructure exist in pristine layered materials and irreversible phase transitions occur even after eliminating the JTE. A careful consideration of the energy of cationic distortion using a Taylor expansion indicated that second-order JTE (pseudo-JTE) is more widespread than the aforementioned

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄)-based materials have attracted interdisciplinary attention from many fields. However, their crystal structures have not yet been described well. Poly(triazine imide)/LiCl (PTI/LiCl) of good crystallinity synthesized from salt melts enables a confident structural solution for a better understanding of g-C₃N₄-based materials. In this study, we synthesize PTI/LiCl of high crystallinity in air without byproducts and confir

Doping is one of the most important ways to tailor the performance of energy materials. However, the crystal structure of doped materials is usually oversimplified as a simple substitution of dopants. Here, we characterized the doped α-Fe2O3 with different Cu cations using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemically evaluated it as an anode in lithium batteries. The results suggest that doping is not the simple replacement of Fe3+

Rare-earth metal germanides with the general formula RE(4)Ge(7) (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) have been synthesized using the In-flux technique. Their structures have been established from single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and the structural elucidation has been aided by electron diffraction. These compounds represent superstructures of the α-ThSi(2) structure type through the long- and/or short-range vacancy ordering. RE(4)Ge(7) (RE = Pr, Nd, Sm) appear to be commensurately modulated 4-f

Precompression treatments on Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 bulk metallic glass rods with tapered ends induced controllable stress distributions and resulted in residual stress accompanied with a few tiny shear bands after unloading. The built-in stress state increased macroscopic plasticity dramatically and produced predictable distributions of shear bands in the cylindrical samples cut from the taper-ended samples. The macroscopic plasticity was interpreted in terms of the competition among diff

The soft plastic crystal enables not only excellent contact with the rigid framework and cathodes, but also rapid molecular reorganization to accommodate the interfacial Li, achieving the ultrafast Li diffusion globally <italic>via</italic> the 3D framework.

Six new rare-earth metal germanides with general formula RE2Al(1-x)Ge(2+x) (RE = Tb-Tm, Lu; 0.13(2) ≤ x ≤ 0.37(2)) have been synthesized by direct fusion of the corresponding elements. Their structures have been established by single-crystal diffraction to crystallize with the orthorhombic space group Immm (no. 74), adopting the W2CoB2 structure type. The Al and Ge atoms are arranged in alternating planar layers, made of rhombic- and hexagonal-fragments. The rare-earth metal substructure consist

Abstract A range of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as separation‐free media were applied as extraction solvents in combination with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) for the extraction of hydroxytyrosol from olive fruits. Following the investigation of 7 different NADESs, a tailor‐made DES composed of malic acid and betaine ( BeMa ) in a 1 : 1 molar ratio was screened for its efficiency. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to test the content of hydroxytyrosol in t

Rare-earth metal aluminum germanides with the general formula REAl(1-x)Ge(2) (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y) have been synthesized by direct fusion of the corresponding elements. The structures have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The average structure represents a randomly "stuffed" variant of the orthorhombic ZrSi(2) structure type, also known as the CeNi(1-x)Si(2) type (Pearson symbol oC16; space group Cmcm). The SAED pa