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PCNL showed the highest success and stone-free rate in the surgical treatment of renal stones. In contrast, SWL had the lowest success and stone-free rate.

Photodynamic therapy with Radachlorin is a safe, effective treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer refractory or intolerant to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in select patients.

RIRS can be a safe and effective procedure for selected patients with large renal stones. However, in this meta-analysis, the postoperative stone-free rate of PCNL was higher than that of RIRS in patients with >2 cm renal stones.

Intermediate- and low-frequency SWL have better treatment outcomes than high-frequency SWL when considering both efficacy and complication.

<i>Background and objectives</i>: To perform a updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of renal stones (RS). <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A total of 37 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis about effectiveness to treat RS. Endpoints were stone-free rates (SFR), incidence of auxiliary procedure, retrea

Lymphocele might preferentially develop in cases with seminal vesicle invasion and large tumor volume. Additionally, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and the number of positive lymph nodes are independent risk factors for postoperative lymphocele after extraperitoneal robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

A common-gate (CG) low-noise amplifier (LNA) that uses the current-reuse technique and is intended to achieve both ultra-wideband and low-power consumption is proposed. The CG amplifier enables wide-band input matching with low transconductance and low frequency-independent noise figure (NF) when employed at the input stage compared with the common-source amplifier. The current-reuse technique is adopted in order to reduce the power dissipation while achieving reasonable power gain. In addition,

This meta-analysis suggests that perioperative parameters, including OR time and LOS, may be more favorable for EP-RARP than for TP-RARP. However, the oncologic outcome of margin positivity did not demonstrate a significant difference between the EP and TP approaches.

Our meta-analysis showed that the higher CXCR4 protein expression in prostate cancer specimens is significantly associated with the presence of metastatic disease. This supports previous experimental data supporting the role played by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in metastasis.

Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate supersaturation, biofilm formation and aggregation, and urothelial injury. Bacteria bind to calcium oxalate crystals, which causes pyelonephritis and leads to changes in nephrons to form Randall's plaque. The urinary tract microbiome, but not the gut microbiome, can be distinguished between cohorts with

This prospective study evaluated the safety of tadalafil 5 mg taken once a day in terms of hypotensive side effects and whether it improves lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and restores sexual function in patients with erectile dysfunction who are receiving concomitant α-blocker (AB) therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 158 LUTS/BPH patients receiving AB therapy for ≥3 months were given tadalafil 5 mg once a day. Before treatment with tadalafil (V1), and 4 weeks (V2) and

For the first time in Asia, in July 2011, Korea introduced using chemical castration on sexual offenders. Under the current law, perpetrators of sexual crimes against minors aged less than 16 yr are subject to chemical castration. There have been growing calls for tougher punishment against sexual offenders and stronger preventive measures in the aftermath of a series of violent crimes victimizing women and children. Recently, a Cabinet meeting approved a revised bill, under which Korea will exp

The frequency of GUTB tended to decrease progressively. However, GUTB is still a threat to public health. There was no previous history of tuberculosis in two-thirds of the cases of GUTB and more than half of them required further surgical treatment.