Sang Hag Lee 교수

Open-mouth breathing is associated with reduction of the retropalatal and retroglossal areas, lengthening of the pharynx and shortening of the MP-H in the upper airway. We suggest that knowledge of these anatomic changes improves our understanding of the increase of OSA severity and the low adherence to nasal CPAP therapy in mouth breathers.

Defensins, a prominent group of antimicrobial peptides, are an important component of the innate immune response, particularly at mucosal surfaces that are vulnerable to colonization by potential pathogens. The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of defensins in inferior turbinate mucosa of normal subjects and inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyps of patients with chronic sinusitis. Expression of beta-defensin 1 and 2 and alpha-defensin 5 and 6 messenger RNAs (mRNAs)

The clinical manifestations and polysomnographic findings in children with OSAS differ from those in adults with OSAS.

Sixty-three biopsy specimens were obtained from the olfactory region of 15 patients with persistent anosmia and 6 patients with normosmia after sinus surgery. Immunohistochemical examination of all specimens with microtubule-associated protein 5 (MAP5) antisera demonstrated olfactory epithelium in 11 of 18 specimens from normosmic patients and in 12 of 45 samples from anosmic patients. There was a significant difference in the proportion of specimens containing olfactory epithelium between the t

SP-A mRNA and protein are present in both normal and diseased human paranasal sinus mucosa. These results may provide potential targets for novel therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis.

The adjusted UAL showed a significant positive correlation with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI, r = 0.523, p < 0.000) and was a significant variable for predicting the AHI of OSAS patients in multiple stepwise regression analysis. Although the severe OSAS group had a greater adjusted UAL compared with that of other groups (p = 0.001), the volume of the upper airway did not show differences among groups.

NETs formation increased in exacerbated CRS, inducing chemokine secretion, strengthening the epithelial barrier, and promoting the neutrophils infiltration. Therefore, the release of NETs in CRS might be beneficial or detrimental to CRS patients.

The innate immune system and its complex interplay with the adaptive immune system are increasingly being recognized as important factors in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Adaptive immune components, including resident and inflammatory cells, and their associated mediators, have been the subject of most research in CRS. For this reason, theories of CRS pathogenesis have involved the concept that inflammation, rather than infection, is the dominant etiologic factor in CRS. Ther

These results indicate that NOX1 and NOX4 may play an important role in reactive oxygen species production, contributing to the oxidative stress in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyp tissues.

AMCase and chitotriosidase are constitutively expressed in normal turbinate mucosa, suggesting involvement in defense against chitin-containing pathogens. Upregulation of these chitinases in allergic condition suggests that they may play a role in the nasal allergic reaction like other inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope, 2010.

Numerous peripheral tissues possess self-sustaining daily biologic rhythms that are regulated at the molecular level by clock genes such as PER1, PER2, CLOCK, and BMAL1. Physiological function of nasal mucosa exhibits rhythmic variability to a day-night environmental cycle. Nevertheless, little is known of the expression and distribution pattern of clock genes in nasal mucosa. The present study investigates the expression level and distribution pattern of PER1, PER2, CLOCK, and BMAL1 genes in na

mRNAs for kNBC, KCC1 and -4 and all the CaCC families (CaCC1, -2 and -3) are expressed in human turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. The expression levels of kNBC and KCC1 and -4 mRNAs did not differ between nasal mucosa and nasal polyp. However, the expression levels of all the CaCC genes were significantly decreased in nasal polyp. In situ hybridization revealed that the expression of these genes was mainly localized in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands of inferior turbinate mucosa and i