[논문 리뷰] TEG: Exascale Cluster Governance via Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Langevin Dynamics

Z. Y. Chu|arXiv (Cornell University)|2026. 02. 14.

Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems인용 수 0

한 줄 요약

논문은 분산형 Thermo-Economic Governor (TEG)를 제안하며 클러스터를 dissipative 구조로 모델링하고 중앙집중식 스케줄링을 holographic thermo-economic field에서 작동하는 Langevin Agents로 대체하여 확장 가능하고 안정적이며 안전한 Exascale 거버넌스를 달성한다.

ABSTRACT

As cloud computing scales toward the Exascale regime ($10^5+$ nodes), the prevailing "Newtonian" orchestration paradigm -- exemplified by Kubernetes -- approaches fundamental physical limits. The centralized, deterministic scheduling model suffers from $O(N)$ latency scaling, "Head-of-Line" blocking, and thermodynamic blindness, rendering it incapable of managing the stochastic chaos of next-generation AI workloads. This paper proposes a paradigm shift from orchestration to Thermodynamic Governance. We model the compute cluster not as a static state machine, but as a Dissipative Structure far from equilibrium. We introduce TEG (Thermo-Economic Governor), a decentralized architecture that establishes a rigorous topological isomorphism between cluster resource contention and many-body physics. TEG replaces the global scheduler with Langevin Agents that execute Brownian motion on a Holographic Potential Field, reducing decision complexity to $O(1)$. System stability is maintained via a macro-scale Landau Phase Transition mechanism, which modulates global damping (taxation) to physically dissolve deadlocks. Crucially, we enforce Token Evaporation to mirror entropy dissipation, preventing economic inflation and ensuring an open thermodynamic system. We provide formal theoretical analysis proving that: (1) The system converges asymptotically to a Nash Equilibrium via Dual-Number Damping; (2) OOM catastrophic failures are converted into manageable Glassy States via an OS-level Airlock Mutex; and (3) Safety is mathematically guaranteed under high inertia using High-Order Control Barrier Functions (HOCBF). TEG demonstrates that emergent order, rather than deterministic control, is the necessary condition for Exascale scalability.

연구 동기 및 목표

• Motivate the Exascale scalability and sustainability challenge for cloud-datacenter orchestration.
• Propose a physics-informed, decentralized governance paradigm that replaces deterministic schedulers.
• Develop a formal framework connecting non-equilibrium thermodynamics with mechanism design for resource allocation.
• Present architectural components and theoretical guarantees for convergence, stability, and safety.

제안 방법

• Model the cluster as a dissipative non-equilibrium system and map resource contention to many-body physics.
• Introduce Langevin Agents that perform Brownian-like decisions on a holographic potential field to reduce decision complexity.
• Use a global Entropy Governor to modulate damping and dissolve deadlocks via Landau phase transitions.
• Implement token evaporation via a tokenized Vickrey auction to prevent inflation and enforce open-system thermodynamics.
• Apply dual-number augmentation to the potential field to enable predictive damping and improve stability.
• Provide theoretical analyses including orthogonal control subspaces, dual-number damping, and HOCBF safety guarantees.

실험 결과

연구 질문

• RQ1 Can a decentralized Langevin-agent framework achieve asymptotic convergence to equilibrium in Exascale clusters?
• RQ2 How can non-equilibrium thermodynamics concepts be applied to govern resource contention and prevent deadlocks?
• RQ3 What mechanisms ensure safety and stability under high inertia workloads and OS-level constraints?
• RQ4 How does token evaporation and market-inspired bidding interact with physical damping to prevent inflation and chaos?
• RQ5 What formal guarantees can be established for scalability and preventing OOM/thermal-related failures?

주요 결과

• Proposes a three-layer architecture: meso-scale holographic field, micro-scale Langevin Agents, and macro-scale Entropy Governor.
• Argues that decision complexity can be reduced to O(1) per agent via the holographic field projection.
• Shows that emergent order can arise through Landau phase transitions and entropy damping, rather than deterministic control.
• Maps OOM risks to glassy states and introduces OS-level mutex mechanisms to preserve stability.
• Demonstrates theoretical guarantees for convergence to Nash equilibrium and safety via high-order control barrier functions.