[Paper Review] Conservative Model of Black Hole and Lifting of the Information Loss Paradox

Vladimir S. Mashkevich|ArXiv.org|Jul 26, 1997

Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence3 citations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a conservative black hole model that preserves global quantum numbers like baryon and lepton numbers during evaporation, resolving the information loss paradox by ensuring unitary evolution. By incorporating chemical potential and conserved charges into the black hole's thermodynamics, the model shows that information is not lost but encoded in the radiation spectrum, lifting the paradox within a consistent quantum-gravitational framework.

ABSTRACT

The conservative model of a black hole is advanced. The model incorporates conservation laws such as those of baryon and lepton numbers, which lifts the information loss paradox. A scenario of black hole evaporation is considered. Keywords: entropy, emission, radiation, universe, chemical potential

Motivation & Objective

• To resolve the black hole information loss paradox by ensuring unitarity in black hole evaporation.
• To incorporate conservation laws such as baryon and lepton numbers into black hole thermodynamics.
• To develop a model where information is preserved during Hawking-like radiation.
• To extend standard black hole models by introducing chemical potential and conserved charges.
• To demonstrate that information is not lost but encoded in the radiation spectrum.

Proposed method

• Formalism is built on general relativistic black hole solutions with conserved quantum numbers.
• Introduces chemical potential terms into the black hole thermodynamic potential to account for conserved charges.
• Applies statistical mechanics to radiation emission, ensuring conservation of baryon and lepton numbers.
• Models black hole evaporation as a unitary process where radiation carries encoded quantum information.
• Uses a modified partition function incorporating conserved charges and chemical potentials.
• Analyzes entropy and emission spectra under the constraint of global symmetries.

Experimental results

Research questions

• RQ1 Can black hole evaporation be made unitary while preserving global quantum numbers?
• RQ2 How do conserved charges like baryon and lepton numbers affect black hole radiation?
• RQ3 Can the information loss paradox be resolved by incorporating chemical potential into black hole thermodynamics?
• RQ4 What is the role of conserved charges in the entropy and emission spectrum of a black hole?
• RQ5 Is it possible to construct a black hole model where information is not lost but carried by radiation?

Key findings

• The model preserves baryon and lepton numbers during black hole evaporation, ensuring unitarity.
• Conserved quantum numbers are encoded in the radiation spectrum, preventing information loss.
• Chemical potential terms in the thermodynamic potential allow for consistent inclusion of conserved charges.
• The entropy of the black hole remains consistent with the Bekenstein-Hawking formula while incorporating conservation laws.
• The radiation spectrum is modified by conserved charges, leading to non-thermal emission that preserves information.
• The information loss paradox is lifted by ensuring that the final state of radiation carries all initial quantum information.