[论文解读] Evaluation of Energy- and Capacity-Market Revenues from Lithium-ion Battery Systems for Offshore Wind Using Advanced Battery Models

Mehdi Jafarı, Audun Botterud+1 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 3, 2020

Advanced Battery Technologies Research参考文献 18被引用 4

一句话总结

本研究利用先进的电池模型评估了在纽约电力市场中，与海上风电配对的锂离子电池系统在收益方面的潜力，该模型捕捉了电池退化和动态性能特征。结果表明，陆上电池的收益更高，且忽略退化可能导致利润高估高达155%；优化调度可使净收益提高29%，盈亏平衡电池成本范围为50–95美元/千瓦时。

ABSTRACT

Revenue potential from offshore wind and energy storage systems for a Long Island node in the New York ISO (NYISO) is examined using advanced lithium-ion battery representations. These advanced mixed-integer-linear battery models account for the dynamic performance, as well as the degradation behavior of the batteries, which are usually not accounted for in power systems models. Multiple hybrid offshore wind and battery system designs are investigated to examine the impact of locating the battery offshore versus locating it onshore. For the examined systems, we explore different battery usable state-of-charge (SOC) windows, and corresponding dispatch of the battery to maximize energy- and capacity-market revenues. The impacts of variability of offshore wind output along with energy- and capacity-market prices are evaluated using publicly available data from 2010 to 2013. Locating the battery onshore resulted in higher revenues. For 2013, results highlight that without accurate battery representations, models can overestimate battery revenues by up to 155%, resulting primarily from degradation-related costs. Using advanced algorithms, net revenue can be increased by 29%. Results also indicate that wider useable SOC windows could lead to higher net revenues from the energy market, due to higher arbitrage opportunities that compensate for any additional degradation-tied costs in higher DODs. The added value of a MWh of energy storage varies from $2 to $3.5 per MWh of wind energy, which leads to a breakeven cost range of $50-$95 per kWh for the battery systems studied. As such, energy- and capacity-market revenues were found to be insufficient in recovering the investment costs of current battery systems for the applications considered in this analysis.

研究动机与目标

• 评估锂离子电池储能与纽约电力市场中海上风电配对的财务可行性。
• 研究电池退化和动态性能对能量与容量市场中收益潜力的影响。
• 比较混合风电-电池系统中陆上与海上电池布置的相对表现。
• 确定能够最大化净收益并考虑退化成本的最优荷电状态（SOC）窗口。
• 在当前市场条件下，确定项目可行性的盈亏平衡电池成本。

提出的方法

• 采用先进的混合整数线性电池模型，以表征动态性能与退化行为，包括深度放电（DOD）效应。
• 利用公开的纽约独立系统运营商（NYISO）数据，对2010–2013年间的风电出力与市场电价进行模拟，以评估电池的调度表现。
• 评估多种混合系统配置，包括电池位置（陆上与海上）和可用SOC窗口的差异。
• 从能量市场与容量市场两方面计算收益，将退化成本明确建模为DOD与循环次数的函数。
• 利用先进算法识别最优调度策略，以最大化净收益。
• 进行敏感性分析，评估SOC窗口宽度与市场电价波动对净收益的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 包含退化的先进电池模型如何影响纽约独立系统运营商（NYISO）市场中海上风电-电池系统的收益估算？
• RQ2 在混合风电-电池系统中，陆上与海上电池布置的相对收益表现如何？
• RQ3 在同时考虑套利机会与退化成本的前提下，可用SOC窗口的宽度如何影响净收益？
• RQ4 当前能量与容量市场的收益在多大程度上能够覆盖锂离子电池系统在所研究应用中的投资成本？
• RQ5 在所建模的市场条件下，电池系统的盈亏平衡成本（美元/千瓦时）是多少？

主要发现

• 由于输电与转换损耗更低，将电池布置在陆上可获得比海上布置更高的净收益。
• 在模型中忽略电池退化可能导致收益高估高达155%，主要原因是未计入退化成本。
• 使用先进算法进行优化调度，相比简单模型，净收益提高29%。
• 更宽的可用SOC窗口可因套利机会增加而提高能量市场的净收益，这一增益可抵消更高的退化成本。
• 每兆瓦时储能的价值在2至3.5美元/兆瓦时风电能量之间，表明盈亏平衡电池成本范围为50–95美元/千瓦时。
• 仅靠能量市场与容量市场的收益，尚不足以回收当前锂离子电池系统在所研究应用中的投资成本。