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[论文解读] HD 38858: a solar type star with a $\sim$10.8 yr activity cycle. Searching for Balmer and metallic line variations

M. Flores, J. F. González|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 14, 2018
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 46被引用 6
一句话总结

本研究利用HARPS和CASLEO的光谱数据,在类太阳恒星HD 38858中识别出一个10.8年的色球层活动周期。研究结果表明,通过统计矩测量的Hα线轮廓形状变化与标准Ca ii H&K活动指数具有强烈相关性,相较于基于流量的测量方法,该方法作为探测恒星活动周期的代理指标更为可靠。

ABSTRACT

Context. The detection of chromospheric activity cycles in solar-analogue and twin stars, can be used to put in context the solar cycle. However, there is a relatively low percentage of these stars with activity cycles detected. It is well known that the cores of Ca II H&K lines are modulated by stellar activity. The behaviour of Balmer and other optical lines with stellar activity is not yet completely understood. Aims. To search for Ca II H&K, Balmer and Fe II line variations modulated by the stellar activity. In particular, we apply a novel strategy to detect possible shape variations in the Hα line. Methods. We analyse activity signatures in HD 38858 by using HARPS and CASLEO spectra obtained between 2003 and 2017. We calculate the Mount Wilson index (S$_{MW}$), log($\mathrm{R}'_\mathrm{HK}$) and the statistical moments of Ca II H&K, Balmer and other optical lines. We search for periodicities by using the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Results. We detect a long-term activity cycle of 10.8 yr in Ca II H&K and Hα, being HD 38858 one of the most similar stars to the Sun for which a cycle has been detected. In contrast, this cycle is marginally detected in the Fe II lines. Also, we detect a noticeable radial velocity variation, which seems to be produced by stellar activity. Conclusions. HD 38858 is the second solar-analogue star where we find a clear activity cycle which is replicated by Balmer lines. Spectral indexes based on the shape of Hα seems to be more realiable than the fluxes in the same line to detect activity variations. On the other hand, the cyclic modulation detected gives place to a radial velocity variation, previously associated to a super-Earth planet. Finally, due to the similarity of HD 38858 with the Sun, we recommend to continue monitoring this star.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用多 epoch 光谱学方法探测类太阳恒星中的长期色球层活动周期。
  • 研究巴尔默线(Hα、Hβ)和Fe ii线是否在恒星活动变化下表现出超出标准Ca ii H&K指数的响应。
  • 测试Hα线轮廓形状作为替代活动代理指标的可靠性,相较于基于流量的指标。
  • 通过评估其恒星活动起源,解决先前被归因于超级类地行星的径向速度信号中的模糊性。
  • 通过识别适用于径向速度调查的稳健多线活动指标,提升对恒星磁周期的探测能力。

提出的方法

  • 在2003年至2017年间,从HARPS和CASLEO望远镜获取高分辨率光谱数据。
  • 计算了蒙特威尔S指数和log(R'HK)以量化色球层活动水平。
  • 计算Ca ii H&K、Hα、Hβ和Fe ii线的统计矩(如峰态、偏度)以检测轮廓形状变化。
  • 应用广义的Lomb-Scargle周期图,在14年基线内搜索活动指标中的周期性。
  • 将径向速度变化与活动周期相位进行比较,以评估其行星或恒星起源。
  • 使用皮尔逊相关系数评估Hα流量(I_Hα)与log(R'HK)之间的相关性,并与先前文献进行对比。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1HD 38858是否表现出长期色球层活动周期?若存在,其周期是多少?
  • RQ2巴尔默线(Hα、Hβ)和Fe ii线是否表现出与Ca ii H&K活动周期相关的形状或流量变化?
  • RQ3Hα线轮廓形状是否比其核心流量更可靠地指示恒星活动?
  • RQ4先前被归因于超级类地行星的径向速度变化是否可由恒星活动解释?
  • RQ5Hα流量与log(R'HK)之间的相关性与文献中其他恒星的结果相比如何?

主要发现

  • 在HD 38858的Ca ii H&K线和Hα线轮廓形状中均检测到明显的10.8年活动周期。
  • Hα线的峰态及其他形状矩与活动周期同步变化,表明其与log(R'HK)存在稳健相关性。
  • Hα核心的流量(I_Hα)与log(R'HK)无显著相关性,与Gomes da Silva等人(2014年)的研究结果一致,但形状变化可被检测到。
  • 4924 Å和5018 Å处的Fe ii线仅表现出微弱调制,表明其对色球层周期的敏感性较弱。
  • 先前被解释为超级类地行星的420天径向速度信号,被证明与恒星活动调制一致。
  • 本研究证实,在类太阳恒星中,Hα轮廓形状作为活动代理指标比流量更可靠,尤其在I_Hα与log(R'HK)无相关性的情况下。

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