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[论文解读] A diamond nanophotonic interface with an optically accessible deterministic electronuclear spin register

Ryan A. Parker, Jesús Arjona Martínez|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 30, 2023
Diamond and Carbon-based Materials ResearchMaterials Science被引用 3
一句话总结

该论文展示了一种光纤耦合的纳米光子金刚石波导,其中集成有锡空位(SnV)中心,其具有可确定访问的117Sn核自旋,通过452(7) MHz的超精细劈裂实现高保真度的光学初始化与单次测量读出。波导到光纤的耦合效率为57(6)%,光学核自旋初始化保真度达98.6(3)%,该平台实现了11(1)%对比度的自旋门控单光子非线性,为光子量子网络中的可扩展量子节点提供了基础。

ABSTRACT

A contemporary challenge for the scalability of quantum networks is developing quantum nodes with simultaneous high photonic efficiency and long-lived qubits. Here, we present a fibre-packaged nanophotonic diamond waveguide hosting a tin-vacancy centre with a spin-1/2 $^{117}$Sn nucleus. The interaction between the electronic and nuclear spins results in a signature 452(7) MHz hyperfine splitting. This exceeds the natural optical linewidth by a factor of 16, enabling direct optical nuclear-spin initialisation with 98.6(3)% fidelity and single-shot readout with 80(1)% fidelity. The waveguide-to-fibre extraction efficiency of our device of 57(6)% enables the practical detection of 5-photon events. Combining the photonic performance with the optically initialised nuclear spin, we demonstrate a spin-gated single-photon nonlinearity with 11(1)% contrast in the absence of an external magnetic field. These capabilities position our nanophotonic interface as a versatile quantum node in the pursuit of scalable quantum networks.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种具有高光子效率和长寿命量子比特的可扩展量子节点,用于量子网络。
  • 克服现有平台(如量子点和NV中心)中光子效率与自旋相干性之间的权衡。
  • 通过IV族色心中的超精细耦合,实现对核自旋寄存器的确定性访问。
  • 将高效率光子波导与单个SnV中心集成,实现实用化的光纤基量子接口。
  • 在紧凑封装器件中实现光学初始化、单次测量读出以及自旋门控非线性光学。

提出的方法

  • 通过同位素过滤的117Sn离子注入金刚石,制造具有确定存在117Sn核自旋的SnV中心。
  • 利用准各向同性蚀刻和高温退火工艺,在块状金刚石中制造纳米光子波导。
  • 对单模光纤进行绝热锥形加工,以实现与波导的高效倏逝耦合。
  • 使用可调谐619 nm共振激光源结合电光调制,实现对电子-核自旋系统的精确光学控制。
  • 通过周期性CORE扫描和实时激光失谐重新校准,实现主动的光谱漂移补偿。
  • 采用共振光致发光激发(PLE)和二阶自相关测量,验证单光子发射与自旋相干性。
Figure 1: A nanophotonic quantum device hosting an electronuclear spin register. (a) Microscope photograph of the packaged device. A UV-cured optical adhesive permanently fixes the tapered fibre after it is contacted onto a diamond microchiplet. (b) Experimental setup. We excite the emitter near res
Figure 1: A nanophotonic quantum device hosting an electronuclear spin register. (a) Microscope photograph of the packaged device. A UV-cured optical adhesive permanently fixes the tapered fibre after it is contacted onto a diamond microchiplet. (b) Experimental setup. We excite the emitter near res

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1纳米光子金刚石波导能否容纳一个具有可确定访问117Sn核自旋的SnV中心,以支持可扩展的量子网络?
  • RQ2电子与117Sn核自旋之间的超精细劈裂是否可被分辨并用于光学初始化与读出?
  • RQ3光纤封装的波导能否实现高提取效率,以支持多光子事件的实际探测?
  • RQ4能否在无外部磁场条件下实现自旋门控的单光子非线性?
  • RQ5该系统在色心中常见的光谱漂移条件下,能否维持高保真度的量子操作?

主要发现

  • 117Sn核自旋通过452(7) MHz的超精细劈裂实现光学可寻址,其大小是光学线宽的16倍。
  • 由于超精细劈裂远大于光学线宽,核自旋的光学初始化保真度达到98.6(3)%。
  • 通过共振荧光探测,单次测量核自旋读出保真度达到80(1)%。
  • 波导到光纤的耦合效率测量值为57(6)%,可实现对多达五个连续光子的实用探测。
  • 在无外部磁场条件下,成功演示了11(1)%对比度的自旋门控单光子非线性。
  • 通过周期性CORE扫描和实时激光重新校准,系统在光谱漂移条件下仍能维持高保真度的量子操作。
Figure 2: Accessing the 117 SnV electronuclear spin manifold. (a) Repeated CORE scans as a function of magnetic field along the [111] axis. The magnetic field is varied from 0 mT to 147 mT in steps of 4.3 mT. (b) Hyperfine splitting of the optical transitions at $\bm{B}=\bm{0}$ for multiple emitters
Figure 2: Accessing the 117 SnV electronuclear spin manifold. (a) Repeated CORE scans as a function of magnetic field along the [111] axis. The magnetic field is varied from 0 mT to 147 mT in steps of 4.3 mT. (b) Hyperfine splitting of the optical transitions at $\bm{B}=\bm{0}$ for multiple emitters

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