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[论文解读] Evolution from quantum anomalous Hall insulator to heavy-fermion semimetal in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Cheng Huang, Xu Zhang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 27, 2023
Graphene research and applications参考文献 70被引用 9
一句话总结

该论文使用动量空间行列式量子蒙特卡洛来展示在 ν = -3 的魔角 twist 2D 设想中,从量子反常霍尔绝缘体(手性极限)到重费米子半金属的转变,随 AA 跳跃 u0 增加出现局域化与遍及电子的特征,以及可能的二次带触及半金属。

ABSTRACT

The ground states of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at chiral and flat-band limit with integer fillings are known from exact solutions, while their dynamical and thermodynamical properties are revealed by unbiased quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. However, to elucidate experimental observations of correlated metallic, insulating and superconducting states and their transitions, investigations on realistic, or non-chiral cases are vital. Here we employ momentum-space QMC method to investigate the evolution of correlated states in magic-angle TBG away from chiral limit at charge neutrality with polarized spin/valley, which approximates to an experimental case with filling factor $ν=-3$. We find that the ground state evolves from quantum anomalous Hall insulator into an intriguing correlated semimetallic state possessing heavy-fermion features as AA hopping strength reaches experimental values. Such a state resembles the recently proposed heavy-fermion representations with localized electrons residing at AA stacking regions and delocalized electrons itinerating via AB/BA stacking regions. The spectral signatures of the localized and itinerant electrons in the heavy-fermion semimetal phase are revealed, with the connection to experimental results being discussed.

研究动机与目标

  • 在 ν = -3 的电荷中性情况下,探讨魔角 TBG 的相关态如何偏离手性极限演化。
  • 确定随着 AA 跳跃 u0 增加对 QAH 基态的影响以及重费米子半金属的可能出现。
  • 在非手性区分辨局域化和遍及电子的谱与实空间特征。
  • 将理论发现与 TBG 在实验中观测到的金属性、绝缘性和超导态联系起来。

提出的方法

  • 使用动量空间行列式量子蒙特卡洛来研究投影到具有长程库伦相互作用的平带哈密顿量。
  • 将完整哈密顿量投影到 ν = -3 时的两个低能平带,模拟自旋/谷极化分量。
  • 通过有限尺寸标定计算 Chern 数极化 S,以提取 Tc 并识别 QAH 有序。
  • 通过拟合和随机解析延展从虚时间格林函数提取准粒子隙 ΔΓ。
  • 计算谱函数 A(k,ω) 与 LDOS 以分析隙的闭合与金属性。
  • 分析实空间谱权重 A(r,ω) 以区分 AA 区域的局域化贡献与 AB/BA 区域的遍及贡献。
Figure 1: QAH state to heavy-fermion semimetal transition away from chiral limit in the magic-angle TBG of $\nu=-3$ . (a) The phase diagram, where $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ refers to the transition temperature of the QAH state, marking the time-reversal symmetry breaking and being determinded by finite-size
Figure 1: QAH state to heavy-fermion semimetal transition away from chiral limit in the magic-angle TBG of $\nu=-3$ . (a) The phase diagram, where $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ refers to the transition temperature of the QAH state, marking the time-reversal symmetry breaking and being determinded by finite-size

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在 u0 增加时,QAH 基态是否仍然存在?
  • RQ2系统在何时从 QAH 转变为半金属,该半金属的拓扑和谱特征为何?
  • RQ3在高 u0 区域,局域化的 AA 堆叠态是否与遍及的 AB/BA 态共存,符合重费米子图像吗?
  • RQ4所得半金属是否保持 C3 对称并呈现 Γ 点的二次带触及?
  • RQ5理论发现与 ν = -3 TBG 在非手性区的实验观测如何对齐?

主要发现

  • 自发的时间反演对称性破缺的Tc 随着 u0 增大而降低,在近似 u0 ≈ 90 meV 时消失。
  • 基态演化在 u0 穿过 ≈ 0.8 u1 时从 QAH 绝缘体转变为半金属,Γ 点准粒子隙闭合。
  • 准粒子光谱在 Tc 以下对所有 k 都存在隙,在 Γ 附近 Tc 以上无隙,显示为 SM 相。
  • LDOS 在费米能级处出现峰值,隙闭合时信号出现金属性。
  • 实空间谱在 AB/BA 区域显示低能权重增强,在 AA 中聚集的局域态与重费米子图像一致。
  • 该 SM 相 likely 保持 C3 对称,类似于二次带触及半金属。
Figure 2: Quasiparticle gap of $\Gamma$ , $\Delta_{\Gamma}$ , and charge compressibility, $\kappa$ , as functions of $u_{0}$ or $T$ . (a) The simulation temperature is 3 meV considering the sign problem and the consistency to those of ED. (b) The system size is $L=3$ .
Figure 2: Quasiparticle gap of $\Gamma$ , $\Delta_{\Gamma}$ , and charge compressibility, $\kappa$ , as functions of $u_{0}$ or $T$ . (a) The simulation temperature is 3 meV considering the sign problem and the consistency to those of ED. (b) The system size is $L=3$ .

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