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[论文解读] String topology for stacks

Kai Behrend, Rafael J. L. Morcillo|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 22, 2007
Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology参考文献 62被引用 36
一句话总结

本文为拓扑叠层建立了双变量理论,为微分流形叠层上的弦拓扑提供了统一的框架。它引入了定向叠层,证明了自由环叠层和隐藏环叠层(惯性叠层)均带有由自然态射关联的弗罗贝尼乌斯代数结构,并表明自由环叠层的同调具有与同调共形场论相容的BV代数结构,推广了陈-阮轨道丛上同调与交配对。

ABSTRACT

We establish the general machinery of string topology for differentiable stacks. This machinery allows us to treat on an equal footing free loops in stacks and hidden loops. In particular, we give a good notion of a free loop stack, and of a mapping stack $\map(Y,\XX)$, where $Y$ is a compact space and $\XX$ a topological stack, which is functorial both in $\XX$ and $Y$ and behaves well enough with respect to pushouts. We also construct a bivariant (in the sense of Fulton and MacPherson) theory for topological stacks: it gives us a flexible theory of Gysin maps which are automatically compatible with pullback, pushforward and products. Further we prove an excess formula in this context. We introduce oriented stacks, generalizing oriented manifolds, which are stacks on which we can do string topology. We prove that the homology of the free loop stack of an oriented stack and the homology of hidden loops (sometimes called ghost loops) are a Frobenius algebra which are related by a natural morphism of Frobenius algebras. We also prove that the homology of free loop stack has a natural structure of a BV-algebra, which together with the Frobenius structure fits into an homological conformal field theories with closed positive boundaries. Using our general machinery, we construct an intersection pairing for (non necessarily compact) almost complex orbifolds which is in the same relation to the intersection pairing for manifolds as Chen-Ruan orbifold cup-product is to ordinary cup-product of manifolds. We show that the hidden loop product of almost complex is isomorphic to the orbifold intersection pairing twisted by a canonical class. Finally we gave some examples including the case of the classifying stacks $[*/G]$ of a compact Lie group.

研究动机与目标

  • 将弦拓扑——此前仅在定向流形上定义——推广至微分流形叠层,包括轨道丛与分类叠层。
  • 为拓扑叠层发展一个支持Gysin映射、拉回、上推与乘积的完整兼容性的双变量理论。
  • 通过正规无奇点态射与切丛定义并研究定向叠层,作为定向流形的推广,以支持弦拓扑构造。
  • 建立自由环叠层同调与隐藏环叠层(惯性叠层)同调之间的自然态射,表明二者构成一对弗罗贝尼乌斯代数。
  • 利用双变量工具构造几乎复轨道丛的交配对,证明其同构于由典范类扭变的隐藏环积,推广了陈-阮上积。

提出的方法

  • 基于Fulton-MacPherson框架,为拓扑叠层建立双变量理论,定义双变量群与操作,支持独立拉回与受限上推。
  • 通过余量公式与向量丛上的陈示性类同构构造Gysin映射,确保与拉回和乘积的兼容性。
  • 通过群胚表示与映射叠层定义自由环叠层与惯性叠层(隐藏环),并确立其同调为弗罗贝尼乌斯代数。
  • 通过$S^1$作用与环积证明自由环叠层同调具有BV代数结构,其在正边界上的同调共形场论中成立。
  • 通过正规无奇点态射与切丛定义定向叠层,将庞加莱对偶性推广至叠层。
  • 利用双变量工具构造几乎复轨道丛的交配对,证明其同构于由典范类扭变的隐藏环积。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1弦拓扑运算——如环积与BV结构——如何从流形推广至微分流形叠层?
  • RQ2自由环叠层与隐藏环叠层(惯性叠层)同调的“弗罗贝尼乌斯代数”正确概念是什么?
  • RQ3叠层的双变量理论如何以与拉回和乘积兼容的方式支持Gysin映射与余量公式?
  • RQ4在几乎复轨道丛背景下,轨道丛交配对与隐藏环积之间有何关系?
  • RQ5叠层的自由环叠层同调如何构成具有闭正边界的同调共形场论?

主要发现

  • 定向叠层的自由环叠层同调自然携带BV代数结构,推广了流形上的经典弦拓扑结果。
  • 自由环叠层同调与惯性叠层(隐藏环)同调均为弗罗贝尼乌斯代数,二者之间存在保持弗罗贝尼乌斯结构的典范态射。
  • 几乎复轨道丛的轨道丛交配对同构于由典范类扭变的隐藏环积,推广了陈-阮上积。
  • 所构建的双变量理论支持完整的余量公式与兼容的Gysin映射、拉回与上推,即使对非紧或非紧支集的叠层亦成立。
  • 对于紧李群$G$的分类叠层$[*/G]$,计算了自由环叠层的弦拓扑,证明其同构于$G$的等变上同调,且BV结构反映了环空间结构。
  • 该理论统一了叠层上的自由环与隐藏环,表明隐藏环自然作为惯性叠层出现,且其积结构与轨道丛交配对呈对偶关系。

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