[论文解读] "Without in Any Way Disturbing the System": Illuminating the Issue of Quantum Nonlocality

Arkady Plotnitsky|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 9, 2019

Quantum Mechanics and Applications参考文献 50被引用 5

一句话总结

本文主张，量子非定域性无法从量子基础中消除，而应被阐明为量子力学的一个相互关联的特征。普洛特尼茨基捍卫一种‘无实在论的实在性’（RWR）观点，表明非定域性与测量装置的角色、离散性、互补性、纠缠以及概率预测等其他量子特征紧密相连，使其成为量子框架中不可分割的一部分，而非应被摒弃的现象。

ABSTRACT

In several recent communications (Khrennikov 2019a, b, c, 2020a, b), A. Khrennikov argued for "eliminating the issue of quantum nonlocality" from the analysis of quantum entanglement and quantum phenomena in general. He proposed to differentiate quantum and classical phenomena and entanglement not by their respective nonlocality and locality, as is common, but by the discreteness of quantum phenomena vs. the continuity of classical phenomena, supplemented by Bohr's complementarity in the case of quantum phenomena. As I argue here, however, the question may not be that of "eliminating the issue of quantum nonlocality" but instead of illuminating this issue, a task that can, I also argue, be pursued by relating quantum nonlocality to other key features of quantum phenomena. I suggest that the following features of quantum phenomena and quantum mechanics, distinguishing them from classical phenomena and classical physics--(1) the irreducible role of measuring instruments in defining quantum phenomena; (2) discreteness; (3) complementarity; (4) entanglement; (5) quantum nonlocality; and (6) the irreducibly probabilistic nature of quantum predictions--are all interconnected in defining quantum phenomena and distinguishing them from classical ones, so that it is difficult to give an unconditional priority to any one of them. To argue this case, I consider quantum phenomena and quantum mechanics from a nonrealist or, in terms adopted here, "reality-without-realism" (RWR) perspective. This perspective extends and gives new dimensions to Bohr's view, grounded in his analysis of the irreducible tole of measuring instruments in the constitution of quantum phenomena, with quantum measurement defined by the entanglements between the quantum object under investigation and the instrument used.

研究动机与目标

• 挑战A. 克伦尼科夫声称量子非定域性可从量子基础中消除的观点。
• 主张在理解量子现象时，应阐明非定域性而非将其摒弃。
• 展示关键量子特征之间的相互依赖性：测量装置角色、离散性、互补性、纠缠、非定域性和概率预测。
• 发展并捍卫一种‘无实在论的实在性’（RWR）诠释，该诠释扩展了玻尔的互补性与基于测量的本体论。
• 表明在区分量子与经典现象时，量子力学的任一特征都无法被无条件地优先对待。

提出的方法

• 采用非实在论的‘无实在论的实在性’（RWR）视角，重新构想量子测量与现象。
• 分析测量仪器在定义量子现象中的作用，强调其与量子客体的纠缠。
• 考察量子力学六大核心特征之间的相互联系：测量装置角色、离散性、互补性、纠缠、非定域性和概率预测。
• 对克伦尼科夫的提议进行概念分析，即通过离散性与互补性而非非定域性来区分量子与经典现象。
• 运用哲学与基础分析论证，表明非定域性并非异常现象，而是协调的量子框架中必不可少的特征。
• 在修订版本中融入新参考文献与澄清说明，包括附录，以加强概念框架。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 能否在分析量子纠缠与量子现象时，有意义地将量子非定域性排除？
• RQ2 量子力学的关键特征——如测量依赖性、离散性、互补性、纠缠、非定域性和概率——如何相互关联？
• RQ3 测量仪器在构成量子现象中扮演什么角色，这与非定域性有何关联？
• RQ4 非定域性是量子力学的基本特征，还是可被还原为离散性或互补性等其他特征？
• RQ5 ‘无实在论的实在性’（RWR）诠释如何扩展玻尔的互补性与基于测量的本体论，以更好地理解非定域性？

主要发现

• 量子非定域性无法从量子基础中消除；相反，它必须被阐明为量子力学的核心特征。
• 量子力学的六大关键特征——测量装置角色、离散性、互补性、纠缠、非定域性和概率预测——彼此深度关联且相互强化。
• 在区分量子与经典现象时，任一特征都无法被无条件地优先对待；其相互依赖性定义了量子领域。
• ‘无实在论的实在性’（RWR）视角提供了一个连贯的框架，扩展了玻尔的思想，并在不依赖实在论本体论的前提下容纳了非定域性。
• 克伦尼科夫提议以离散性与互补性取代非定域性作为区分量子与经典现象的依据，但未能解释量子特征之间的概念统一性。
• 修订版本通过增加澄清说明、参考文献与附录，进一步强化了RWR方法在非定域性问题上的概念一致性。