Akio Inoue

We present an updated version of the so-called Madau model for attenuation of the radiation from distant objects by intergalactic neutral hydrogen. First, we derive the distribution function of intergalactic absorbers from the latest observational statistics of the Lyα forest, Lyman-limit systems and damped Lyα systems. The distribution function reproduces the observed redshift evolution of the Lyα depression and the mean-free path of the Lyman continuum excellently and simultaneously. We then d

Finding the first generation of galaxies in the early Universe is the greatest step forward towards understanding galaxy formation and evolution. For a strategic survey of such galaxies and the interpretation of the obtained data, this paper presents an ultraviolet-to-optical spectral model of galaxies with a great care of the nebular emission. In particular, we present a machine-readable table of intensities of 119 nebular emission lines from Lyα to the rest-frame 1 m as a function of metallici

Estrogen plays an important role in many physiological events including carcinogenesis and the development of human breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of estrogen signaling in cancers have not been clarified hitherto and accurate therapeutic prediction of breast cancer is earnestly desired. We first carried out estrogen-responsive expression profiling of approximately 9000 genes in estrogen receptor-positive human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Based on the results, estrogen-responsive

The physical properties and elemental abundances of the interstellar medium in galaxies during cosmic reionization are important for understanding the role of galaxies in this process. We report the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array detection of an oxygen emission line at a wavelength of 88 micrometers from a galaxy at an epoch about 700 million years after the Big Bang. The oxygen abundance of this galaxy is estimated at about one-tenth that of the Sun. The nondetection of far-infrar

Estrogen has been closely associated with the genesis and malignant progression of breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of estrogen is far from being completely clarified. We previously developed a custom-made cDNA microarray consisting of approximately 200 estrogen-responsive genes in breast cancer cells. Using this system, we found one estrogen-induced gene in various cancer cell lines, including breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which encode a zinc-finger transcript

Abstract Large increases in shear stress upon application of a 2.0 kV/mm electric field were observed in homogeneous fluids composed of polysiloxane‐based liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) in dimethyl silicone at a shear rate of 200 s −1 . The increase was largest (about 3,000 Pa at 50°C) with LCP consisting of a polysiloxane bearing mesogenic groups as side chains. With LCP having the mesogenic groups within the main chain, the maximum increase was about 1,300 Pa at 90°C. It was about 400 Pa a

Abstract This paper investigates the evolution of the dust-to-metal ratio in galaxies based on a simple evolution model for the amount of metal and dust with infall. We take into account grain formation in stellar mass-loss gas, grain growth by the accretion of metallic atoms in a cold dense cloud, and grain destruction by SN shocks. Especially, we propose that the accretion efficiency is independent of the star-formation history. This predicts various evolutionary tracks in the metallicity ($Z$