Daigo Nakazawa

Severe AKI is often associated with multiorgan dysfunction, but the mechanisms of this remote tissue injury are unknown. We hypothesized that renal necroinflammation releases cytotoxic molecules that may cause remote organ damage. In hypoxia-induced tubular epithelial cell necrosis <i>in vitro</i>, histone secretion from ischemic tubular cells primed neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps. These traps induced tubular epithelial cell death and stimulated neutrophil extracellular trap

Our findings indicate that abnormal conformation and impaired degradation of NETs induced by PTU are involved in the pathogenesis of PTU-induced MPO ANCA production and MPO AAV. These findings suggest that disordered NETs can be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of MPO AAV.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like chromatin fibers decorated with antimicrobial proteins, which are released from dying neutrophils. The death of neutrophils with NET formation is called NETosis. Although NETs play important roles in the innate immunity, especially in the elimination of microbes, the extracellular release of DNA and intra-cytoplasmic/nuclear proteins can, on the other hand, result in diverse adversities to the hosts. Therefore, NETosis is adequately regulated in

This is a case study of a patient diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and complicated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), who died of respiratory failure despite treatment. Autopsy revealed severe crescentic glomerulonephritis and massive alveolar hemorrhage. The thrombus contained abundant neutrophils. Although it is reported that patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) have an increased risk of DVT, it remains elusive why they are prone to thrombosis. A recent study has demonstra

Thrombomodulin (TM), which is predominantly expressed on the endothelium, plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating the coagulation system. Intravascular injury and inflammation are complicated physiological processes that are induced by injured endothelium-mediated pro-coagulant signaling, necrotic endothelial- and blood cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and DAMP-mediated inflammation. During the hypercoagulable state after endothelial in

Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease, often manifesting as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, involves clot formation consisting of blood cells and platelets locked in plasma protein and chromatin networks. The latter derives from neutrophil extracellular traps released by dying neutrophils; however, the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil death in VTE remains unknown. We speculated that mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL)-driven neutrophil necroptosis contributes to VTE. Indeed, human infer

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread all over the world immediately after the first patient infected with this virus was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization has named the disease induced by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although COVID-19 was initially recognized as an acute respiratory distress syndrome, recent studies have revealed that coagulation disorders and thrombotic events contribute to its high m

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a serious autoimmune disease that is characterized by vascular necrosis. The pathogenesis of AAV includes ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation, subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Excessive NETs could participate not only in ANCA-mediated vascular injury but also in the production of ANCAs per se as autoantigens. Thus, a

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are innate immune systems against invading pathogens. NETs are characterized as released DNA mixed with cytoplasmic antimicrobial proteins such as myeloperoxidase, proteinase3 and neutrophil elastase. While NETs are thought to have an important role in host defense, recent work has suggested that NETs contribute to tissue injury in non-infectious disease states. Uncontrolled NET formation in autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, cancers and thrombotic di

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents with severe pneumonia and fatal systemic complications. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective in reducing the risk of new onset and getting worse of the disease. However, autoimmune diseases such as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) have been reported to develop after COVID-19 vaccine administration. A 71-year-old woman presented with f