Genti Toyokuni

We present high-resolution tomographic images in source areas of 26 large crustal earthquakes (M 6.0–7.2) which occurred in Northeast Japan (Tohoku) during the past 120 yr from 1894 to 2014. Prominent low-velocity (low-V) and high Poisson's ratio (high-σ) anomalies are revealed in the crust and mantle wedge under the source areas. Beneath the volcanic front and backarc areas, the low-V and high-σ zones reflect arc-magma related high-temperature anomalies which are produced by joint effects of co

Abstract We present detailed 3‐D images of the whole mantle P wave velocity structure beneath Southeast Asia and surrounding regions. The results are obtained by applying an improved method of global seismic tomography to invert ∼8 million P , pP , PP , PcP , and Pdiff arrival times from 23,587 earthquakes recorded at 14,136 stations distributed all over the world. Our tomographic model reveals a continuous, thin low‐velocity (low‐ V ) zone from the surface to the core‐mantle boundary beneath th

For iterative calculations of synthetic seismograms with limited computer resources, a fast and accurate modeling method is needed. Axisymmetric modeling has often been used in global seismology to restrict computational time and storage. This approach can correctly model 3‐D geometrical spreading effects with computational times comparable to 2‐D methods, but cannot treat asymmetric structures about the source axis. To overcome this problem, a new approach is proposed for seismic wave propagati

On 2016 February 6 the South Taiwan earthquake (<it>M</it><inf>w</inf> 6.4) occurred in the Meinong District of Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan, at a depth of 17 km. It caused 117 fatalities and widespread damage to infrastructures, especially in the Tainan city. To clarify the generating mechanism of this damaging earthquake, we determined high-resolution 3-D images of <it>P</it>- and <it>S</it>-wave velocity (<it>V<inf><it>P</it&g

Abstract We study the 3‐D P wave velocity ( Vp ) structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath Greenland and surrounding regions using the latest P wave arrival time data. The Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network (GLISN), initiated in 2009, is an international project for seismic observation in these regions using 34 stations. We use a regional seismic tomography method to simultaneously invert P wave arrival times of local earthquakes and P wave relative traveltime residuals of teleseismic

Abstract Axisymmetric modeling has been playing an important role in global seismic waveform modeling since it can correctly model geometrical spreading effects in 3-D within computational resources comparable to 2-D modeling. However, in the previous investigations on axisymmetric modeling, seismic sources were restricted to axisymmetric sources such as an explosive source. In this paper, we propose implementation of an arbitrary moment tensor point source to axisymmetric modeling using the fin

Basal conditions of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) are a key research topic in climate change studies. The recent construction of a seismic network has provided a new opportunity for direct, real-time, and continuous monitoring of the GrIS. Here we use ambient noise surface wave data from seismic stations all over Greenland for a 4.5-year period to detect changes in Rayleigh-wave phase velocity between seismic station pairs. We observe clear seasonal and long-term velocity changes for many pairs

Global climate change is currently causing melting of the Greenland ice sheet. Recently, a new type of seismic event, referred to as a "glacial earthquake", has been recognized. Such earthquakes are generated by the movements of large masses of ice within the terminal regions of glacier, and represent a new approach for monitoring ice sheet dynamics. In 2009, the multinational GreenLand Ice Sheet monitoring Network (GLISN), a large broadband seismological network in and around Greenland, was ini

Abstract We study the 3‐D P wave velocity ( Vp ) structure of the whole mantle beneath Greenland and surrounding regions using the latest P wave arrival time data. We use a new method of global seismic tomography by setting 3‐D grid nodes densely in the study volume to enhance the resolution. We invert ~5.6 million arrival times of P , pP , and PP waves from 16,257 earthquakes extracted from the ISC‐EHB catalog, which were recorded at 12,549 seismic stations in the world. Our results reveal a ho

Abstract We present the first 3‐D images of P ‐wave radial anisotropy (RAN) and azimuthal anisotropy (AAN) down to 750‐km depth beneath Greenland and surrounding regions. Three P ‐wave velocity models (isotropic, RAN, and AAN) are determined by applying a regional tomographic method to simultaneously invert P wave arrival times of 1,309 local events and P wave relative traveltime residuals of 7,202 teleseismic events, which were recorded mainly by the latest GLISN network. A high‐velocity body l

Abstract Australia, New Zealand, and the surrounding regions have experienced complex plate interactions with significant seismic and volcanic activities. The Taupo volcano on the North Island of New Zealand has experienced multiple catastrophic eruptions. Although Australia is known as a stable landmass with low seismic and volcanic activity, intraplate volcanoes along its eastern coast are considered to be caused by hot mantle plumes. To better understand the seismic and volcanic activities in