Hayoung Choi

To the Editor:

Formerly regarded as a rare disease, bronchiectasis is increasingly recognised. A renewed interest in this disease has led to significant progress in bronchiectasis research. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the benefits of airway clearance techniques, inhaled antibiotics and long-term macrolide therapy in bronchiectasis patients. However, the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis remains one of the most challenging aspects of management. Phenotypes and endotypes of bronchiectasis h

There are limited data regarding whether mortality is higher in patients with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (bronchiectasis) than in those without bronchiectasis. Using 2005-2015 data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we evaluated hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in the bronchiectasis cohort relative to the matched cohort. The effect of comorbidities over the study period on the relative mortality was also assessed. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in t

<b>Rationale:</b> Although inflammation and infection are key disease drivers in bronchiectasis, few studies have integrated host inflammatory and microbiome data to guide precision medicine. <b>Objectives:</b> To identify clusters among patients with bronchiectasis on the basis of inflammatory markers and to assess the association between inflammatory endotypes, microbiome characteristics, and exacerbation risk. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with stable bronchiectasis were enrolled at three European

Macrolide antibiotics are mainstays in the treatment of lung disease due to the <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> complex. Although previous studies have reported development of acquired macrolide resistance in this species, limited data are available on the outcomes of lung disease due to macrolide-resistant <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i> This study evaluated the clinical features, treatment outcomes, and molecular characteristics of macrolide-resistant isolates of <i>M. ab

Pleural tuberculosis (TB), a form of extrapulmonary TB, can be difficult to diagnose. High numbers of lymphocytes in pleural fluid have been considered part of the diagnostic criteria for pleural TB; however, in many cases, neutrophils rather than lymphocytes are the predominant cell type in pleural effusions, making diagnosis more complicated. Additionally, there is limited information on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neutrophil-predominant pleural effusions caused by Mycobacte

The long-term mortality risk was significantly higher in TB survivors than those in the matched controls, even after adjusting for potential confounders.

<b>Rationale:</b> It remains unclear whether non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis increases the risk of lung cancer, because smoking history was not considered in previous studies. <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate whether participants with bronchiectasis have a higher risk of incident lung cancer than those without bronchiectasis with information on smoking status. <b>Methods:</b> This was a population-based cohort study of 3,858,422 individuals who participated in the 2009 National Health Screening

Although both diabetes mellitus (DM) and underweight are associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB), there are limited data evaluating TB risk while considering two factors simultaneously-body mass index (BMI) and DM. A retrospective cohort study was performed with 10,087,903 participants of the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2009. The cohort was followed up to the date of TB incidence, death, or until December 31, 2018. We compared the incidence and risk of TB according to

Bronchiectasis further increases all-cause mortality in patients with CS-dependent asthma, a trend that was especially associated with respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Strategies to improve treatment outcomes in patients with CS-dependent asthma with bronchiectasis are urgently needed to improve long-term survival.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

Future research is needed to better manage and prevent exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis, although recent studies have characterised frequent exacerbator phenotype and enhanced our understanding of various aspects of exacerbations.

Macrolide antibiotics are cornerstones in the treatment of Mycobacterium massiliense lung disease. Despite the emergence of resistance, limited data on macrolide-resistant M massiliense lung disease are available. This study evaluated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients and the molecular characteristics of macrolide-resistant M massiliense isolates. We performed a retrospective review of medical records and genetic analyses of clinical isolates from 15 patients who had macro