Hirohisa Fujikawa

Many countries enforce limits on the number of hours that medical residents work. For example, in the United States, regulations about duty hours were instituted by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education as early as in 2003, reinforcing those limits in 2011 and again in 2017 (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, 2017). These reforms triggered discussion in medical education literature about their wide-ranging effects on resident education, resident wellness, and

Seniority and the perceived level of the workplace as a learning environment are associated with PCO. An approach that establishes a supportive learning environment and offers trainees a reasonable amount of autonomy may be beneficial in fostering PCO among trainees. The study findings will serve as a useful reference for designing an effective postgraduate clinical training program for PCO development.

Students working to improve educational processes at their medical schools had the opportunity to communicate more with faculty members, enjoyed opportunities for networking with other highly motivated peers and enhanced aspects of their developing professionalism.

We developed the J-PCOS and examined its validity and reliability. This tool can be used in studies on postgraduate medical education. Further studies should confirm its robustness and usefulness for improving PCO.

The J-TAMSAD scale was developed, and its psychometric properties were confirmed. The instrument can be useful for assessing tolerance of ambiguity among medical trainees in Japan. With further validation, it could be used to verify the educational effectiveness of curricula that foster ambiguity tolerance in medical trainees, or even in research assessing the relationship with other variables.

A previously healthy 42-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a 1-year history of right groin pain, which did not fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. We suspected an inguinal hernia or lymphadenopathy, but a right inguinal ultrasound revealed a mixed-echo mass with intralesional vascular flow (Figure Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass that showed high intensity on T1-and T2-weighted images (Figure The mass was located at the apex of the inguinal hernia

Our study showed that tolerance for ambiguity in the clinical context was negatively associated with burnout, and positively associated with work engagement. These findings will be useful in developing interventions aimed at preventing burnout and promoting work engagement among physicians.

We developed the Japanese version of the IPAMP. Its validity and reliability were verified through analysis. This instrument can be utilized for professionalism education in the postgraduate training setting.

An 86-year-old woman with dementia and osteoporosis presented to the hospital with a 3-day history of right hypochondralgia and fever. On examination, she was febrile and ill-appearing. Laboratory tests showed white-cell count of 11.0 × 109/L and C-reactive protein level of 175.5 mg/L. We suspected cholecystitis, but contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed an abscess at the ligamentum teres hepatis (LTH) that extended to the hepatic fissure (Fig. 1). We performed ultrasound-guided needle

We identified and defined the competencies required by medical students in Japan to provide comprehensive care for patients. By including these competencies in the MCC, undergraduate medical education will be better placed to respond to anticipated changes in the demand for medical care in Japan. Success factors in our guideline development process include facilitating a collaborative and iterative development process, ensuring that diverse perspectives are integrated, and using practical exampl

Copper deficiency may often be overlooked due to physicians' poor awareness of the disease. Delayed diagnosis and therapy may lead to poor prognosis of neurological function. Here, we present a 68-year-old male with an approximately one-year history of unsteady feet who had visited several clinical departments and was finally diagnosed with copper deficiency. In the present case, it took approximately one year to diagnose the condition, and the therapy of copper supplementation led to only sligh

In our study, we developed a vaccine administration course for medical students, assessed their vaccination techniques and confidence in those techniques, and investigated their perceptions of the course. Students' vaccination skills and confidence improved significantly after the course, and they positively evaluated the course based on a variety of factors. Our course will be effective in educating medical students about vaccination techniques.

These findings suggest the presence of potential challenges in the simultaneous fostering of clinical knowledge and PCO during residency training. This underscores the need for educators to actively engage in the reconsideration of current postgraduate training strategies, with the aim of effectively cultivating both clinical knowledge and PCO among medical residents.

While determining appropriate resident work hours requires comprehensive consideration of a number of factors, in terms of PCO training, the working hours of 80-90 h/week may be an option.