Hiroki Kabata

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play critical roles in the induction of type 2 inflammation, response to parasite infection, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair. These multifunctional roles of ILC2s are tightly controlled by complex regulatory systems in the local microenvironment, the disruption of which may cause various health problems. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge regarding positive and negative regulators for ILC2s based on their function and signaling pathways, in

The neuronal and immune systems exhibit bidirectional interactions that play a critical role in tissue homeostasis, infection, and inflammation. Neuron-derived neuropeptides and neurotransmitters regulate immune cell functions, whereas inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells enhance neuronal activation. In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that peripheral neurons and immune cells are colocalized and affect each other in local tissues. A variety of cytokines, inflammatory media

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a critical upstream cytokine inducing type 2 inflammation in various diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. Accumulating evidence suggests that TSLP can directly stimulate a variety of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), basophils, T cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). However, which cell types directly respond to TSLP in vivo and how TSLP initiates type 2 inflammation has remained controversial. To define the precise role

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recently identified cell populations that produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 in response to epithelial cell-derived cytokines. Although ILC2s were initially reported to play a key role in the anti-helminth innate immunity, we now have greater interest in their role in asthma and other allergic diseases. In various asthma mouse models, ILC2s provoke eosinophilic inflammation accompanied by airway hyperresponsiveness independent of acquired im

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that plays a vital role in the induction of type 2 inflammation via both innate and acquired immune cascades. Tezepelumab, a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of TSLP to the TSLP receptor, is the latest biologic for asthma. To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of tezepelumab in asthma, the PATHWAY, NAVIGATOR, NOZOMI, UPSTREAM, CASCADE, SOURCE, and DESTINATION studies have been conducted. These res

The prevalence of BMPR2 mutations in Japanese with PAH was similar to that reported in other populations. At onset of PAH, BMPR2 mutation non-carriers were, on average, younger than carriers, possibly due to the heterogeneity of this subpopulation. With state-of-the-art therapy, the long-term survival of patients with PAH was high, regardless of the mutation status.

Physicians should carefully monitor patients with COVID-19, as they can develop rapidly progressive and fibrotic OP, which respond to corticosteroids.

BACKGROUND: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines by stimulation with epithelial cell–derived cytokines and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various allergic diseases, including asthma. However, differences in the molecular characteristics of ILC2s between patients with asthma and healthy subjects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate differences in cytokine production capacity and gene expression profile of ILC2s in the peripheral blood of patients with

Thrombosis, especially venous thromboembolism, is a complication often associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there have been relatively few reports of arterial thrombosis. Here, we describe a case of non-severe COVID-19 in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. After admission, symptoms, laboratory data, and imaging findings improved, but D-dimer levels gradually increased. Contrast computed tomography and echocardiography revealed a left ventricular thrombus. Anticoagula

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce large amounts of type 2 cytokines including interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 in response to various stimuli, causing allergic and eosinophilic diseases. However, the cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of human ILC2s remain unclear. Here, we analyze human ILC2s derived from different tissues and pathological conditions and identify ANXA1, encoding annexin A1, as a commonly highly expressed gene in non-activated ILC2s. The expression of ANXA1 decreases