Hyungjun Kim

Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth system models, in a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims to identify crucial processes and characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modelling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in

Abstract. The high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere are a nexus for the interaction between land surface physical properties and their exchange of carbon and energy with the atmosphere. At these latitudes, two carbon pools of planetary significance – those of the permanently frozen soils (permafrost), and of the great expanse of boreal forest – are vulnerable to destabilization in the face of currently observed climatic warming, the speed and intensity of which are expected to increas

The role of rivers in total terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations is evaluated in 29 basins. The contribution of individual storage components to total TWS is investigated by using ensemble hydrological simulations with river routing. The observed Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) TWS data are used to validate model simulations. It is found TWS simulations are more accurate when river storage is taken into account except for dry basins. Rivers play different roles in various c

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) of Amazon forests is a main driver of regional climate patterns and an important indicator of ecosystem functioning. Despite its importance, the seasonal variability of ET over Amazon forests, and its relationship with environmental drivers, is still poorly understood. In this study, we carry out a water balance approach to analyse seasonal patterns in ET and their relationships with water and energy drivers over five sub-basins across the Amazon Basin. We used

Abstract. Continental- to global-scale hydrologic and land surface models increasingly include representations of the groundwater system. Such large-scale models are essential for examining, communicating, and understanding the dynamic interactions between the Earth system above and below the land surface as well as the opportunities and limits of groundwater resources. We argue that both large-scale and regional-scale groundwater models have utility, strengths, and limitations, so continued mod

Abstract Access to basic water service and basic sanitation service has been acknowledged as fundamental human rights. It also has been mentioned in UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 to ensure that all people will have equal access to both water and sanitation service, as well as embedded in Goal 10 that aims to reduce inequality and promoting inclusiveness. However, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme 2017 reported that 844 million people are still living without basic access to water, a

A unique microbial community exists on upper leaf surfaces because strong irradiation by the sun restricts and selects growing micro-organisms. The micro-organisms on plant aerial parts are possibly able to control plant pathogens and to promote plant growth as do some of the micro-organisms on plant roots. Sphingomonas species on plant tissues (seed, leaf and flower) were detected and enumerated by the amplification of a specific part of the small subunit rRNA gene. Sphingomonads were found on

Abstract. This paper describes in situ meteorological forcing and evaluation data, and bias-corrected reanalysis forcing data, for cold regions' modelling at 10 sites. The long-term datasets (one maritime, one arctic, three boreal, and five mid-latitude alpine) are the reference sites chosen for evaluating models participating in the Earth System Model-Snow Model Intercomparison Project. Periods covered by the in situ data vary between 7 and 20 years of hourly meteorological data, with evaluatio

Abstract. Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and global ecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, they require careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projections are accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database (PROFOUND DB) provides a wide range of empirical data on European forests to calibrate and evaluate vegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. A particular advantage of this databas

Mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G2b (IgG2b) antibodies are known to contain two forms of the heavy chain that are different in susceptibility to the protease attack. In the present study, by use of an affinity column containing sialic acid-binding lectins from Maackia amurensis seeds, a mouse monoclonal IgG2b was successfully separated into three phenotypes, which are different in the degree of sialylation in the heavy chain. In the N-linked oligosaccharides from all of the IgG2b phenotypes, vir

Abstract. Global-scale river models (GRMs) are core tools for providing consistent estimates of global flood hazard, especially in data-scarce regions. Due to former limitations in computational power and input datasets, most GRMs have been developed to use simplified representations of flow physics and run at coarse spatial resolutions. With increasing computational power and improved datasets, the application of GRMs to finer resolutions is becoming a reality. To support development in this di