James Brooks

Two patients presented with dendritiform epithelial irregularities of the cornea that were unresponsive to topical acyclovir. Both were soft contact lens wearers who had practiced inadequate lens hygiene. Acanthamoeba was cultured from a shallow corneal biopsy of one patient and from the contact lens of the other. Epithelial debridement resolved the condition in both patients without concomitant treatment with antiamoebic agents.

Abstract How animal populations adapt to human modified landscapes is central to understanding modern behavioural evolution and improving wildlife management. Coyotes ( Canis latrans ) have adapted to human activities and thrive in both rural and urban areas. Bolder coyotes showing reduced fear of humans and their artefacts may have an advantage in urban environments. We analysed the reactions of 636 coyotes to novel human artefacts (camera traps) at 575 sites across the state of North Carolina.

Two patients presented with dendritiform epithelial irregularities of the cornea that were unresponsive to topical acyclovir. Both were soft contact lens wearers who had practiced inadequate lens hygiene. Acanthamoeba was cultured from a shallow corneal biopsy of one patient and from the contact lens of the other. Epithelial debridement resolved the condition in both patients without concomitant treatment with antiamoebic agents.

Outgroup threat has been identified as an important driver of ingroup cohesion in humans, but the evolutionary origin of such a relationship is unclear. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the wild are notably aggressive towards outgroup members but coordinate complex behaviors with many individuals in group hunting and border patrols. One hypothesis claims that these behaviors evolve alongside one another, where outgroup threat selects for ingroup cohesion and group coordination. To test this hypo

In this review, we propose that the social dynamics of founder populations in novel and newly available environments can have critical effects in shaping species' sociality and can produce long-lasting changes in social structure and behavior. For founder populations which expand into an underexploited niche separated from the parent population, the necessity of bond formation with strangers, lack of clear territories, and initial abundance of resources can lead to altered initial social dynamic

Oxytocin has attracted research attention due to its role in promoting social bonding. In bonobos and chimpanzees, the two species most closely related to humans, urinary oxytocin is known to correlate with key behaviours related to social bonding such as social grooming in chimpanzees and female-female sexual behaviour in bonobos. However, no study has demonstrated that the administration of oxytocin promotes real-life social interactions in Pan, leaving it unclear whether oxytocin is merely co

Humans engage in a wide variety of group-based cooperation and competition, the cognitive underpinnings of which form "group-mindedness.” The evolutionary basis of these tendencies has attracted significant research from theorists and human-oriented scholars, where evidence suggests a different set of strategies and solutions may be required for explicitly group-based challenges than simply an accumulation of dyadic and triadic solutions embedded in a group setting. We term these top-down and bo

We report a case of Fusarium solani keratitis which highlights the difficulties often associated with management of fungal corneal infections. This case demonstrates several unusual and interesting features: the occurrence of deep fungal pathology after superficial injury, the difficulties encountered in attempting to isolate and identify the causative organism, and the protracted course taken by an organism often noted to be rapidly destructive. These features necessitated an individual approac

Tool use is a central topic in research on cognitive evolution and behavioral ecology in non-human animals. Originally thought to be a uniquely human phenomenon, many other species have been observed making and using tools for a variety of purposes, starting with Goodall's (1964) groundbreaking work with chimpanzees in Gombe. Despite the frequent attention and great research interest in animal tool use, and ubiquity of the behavior, we argue here that chewing sticks by dogs (and other animals) s

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita refers to a group of birth defects characterised by multiple joint contractures. The syndrome is caused by neuropathic disease, myopathic disease, or any other cause of decreased fetal joint mobility. Multiple and usually symmetric joint abnormalities with associated muscular and soft tissue hypoplasia are noted at birth. A variety of associated congenital anomalies affecting many organ systems are frequently found. Ocular and orbital findings have been describ

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The field of environmental enrichment has grown considerably, but most enrichment is still focused on tasks where highly valued food rewards are directly visible. We designed a device which would instead make use of knowledge states, motivational structure, and physical reasoning skills and could use hidden, low-quality food items while remaining low in cost. Food items were hidden in small cardboard tubes and placed snugly inside another, larger, tube such that they were difficult to extract an