Masaki Yamada

Recent pulsar timing data reported by the NANOGrav collaboration may indicate the existence of a stochastic gravitational wave background around f∼10−8 Hz. We explore a possibility to generate such low-frequency gravitational waves from a dark sector phase transition. Assuming that the dark sector is completely decoupled from the visible sector except via the gravitational interaction, we find that some amount of dark radiation should remain until present. The NANOGrav data implies that the amou

We study the Witten effect of hidden monopoles on the QCD axion dynamics, and show that its abundance as well as isocurvature perturbations can be significantly suppressed if there is a sufficient amount of hidden monopoles. When the hidden monopoles make up a significant fraction of dark matter, the Witten effect suppresses the abundance of axion with the decay constant smaller than 10 12 GeV. The cosmological domain wall problem of the QCD axion can also be avoided, relaxing the upper bound on

We study an axion-like particle (ALP) that experiences a first-order phase transition with respect to its mass or potential minimum. This can be realized if the ALP obtains a potential from non-perturbative effects of SU(N) gauge theory that is confined via the first-order phase transition. Similar dynamics are achieved in the so-called trapped misalignment mechanism, where the ALP is trapped in a false vacuum at high temperatures until it begins to oscillate about the true minimum. The resultin

We discuss the formation of cosmic strings or macroscopic color flux tubes at the phase transition from the deconfinement to confinement phase in pure Yang--Mills (YM) theory, such as $\mathrm{SU}(N)$, $\mathrm{Sp}(N)$, $\mathrm{SO}(N)$, and $\text{Spin}(N)$, based on the current understanding of theoretical physics. According to the holographic dual descriptions, the cosmic strings are dual to fundamental strings or wrapped D-branes in the gravity side depending on the structure of the gauge gr

In this work, we investigated a scalability of spin accumulation signal for various device sizes. We found that the spin accumulation signal is enhanced by shrinking Cu wire width and thickness. Moreover we estimate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a spin accumulation head structure by using the size dependence of spin accumulation signal. The SNR increases with reducing nonmagnetic wire width and thickness, which are corresponding to a track width and a gap width, respectively. And it has the

A bstract We point out that SO(2 N ) pure Yang-Mills theory provides a candidate for dark matter (DM) without the explicit need to impose any additional symmetry. The DM candidate is a particular type of glueball, which we refer to as a baryonic glueball, that is naturally stable and produced by a novel production mechanism for a moderately large N . In this case, the intercommutation probability of cosmic strings (or macroscopic color flux tubes) is quite low, which offers characteristic gravit

We discuss the formation of cosmic strings or macroscopic color flux tubes after the deconfinement/confinement phase transition in the pure Yang–Mills theory. Based on holographic dual descriptions, these cosmic strings can be interpreted as fundamental (F-) strings or wrapped D-branes (which we call as D-strings) in the gravity side, depending on the structure of the gauge group. In fact, the reconnection probabilities of the F- and D-strings are suppressed by factors of 1/N2 and e−cN, where c=

We construct charged soliton solutions around spherical charged black holes with no angular momentum in asymptotically flat spacetime. These solutions are non-linear generalizations of charged scalar clouds, dubbed Q-clouds, and they do not contradict the non-existence theorem for free (linear) scalar clouds around charged black holes. These solutions are the first examples of O(3) solutions for Q-clouds around a non-extremal and non-rotating BH in the Abelian gauge theory. We show that a soluti

A bstract High-energy standard model (SM) particles in the early Universe are generated by the decay of heavy long-lived particles. The subsequent thermalization occurs through the splitting of high-energy primary particles into lower-energy daughters in primordial thermal plasma. The principal example of such processes is reheating after inflation caused by the decay of inflatons into SM particles. Understanding of the thermalization at reheating is extremely important as it reveals the origin

We propose a new scenario of Affleck-Dine baryogenesis where a flat direction in the MSSM generates $B\ensuremath{-}L$ asymmetry just after the end of inflation. The resulting amount of baryon asymmetry is independent of low-energy supersymmetric models but is dependent on inflation models. We consider the hybrid and chaotic inflation models and find that reheating temperature is required to be higher than that in the conventional scenario of Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. In particular, nonthermal

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the thermalization of Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe, taking into account the interference effect on thermalization of high energy particles, known as Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. Small PBHs with masses ≲ 10 9 g completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The Hawking radiation emitted from these PBHs heats up the ambient plasma with temperature lower than the Hawking temperature, whi