Masayuki Miura

We report here that the activation of the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta)-converting enzyme (ICE) family is likely to be one of the crucial events of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytotoxicity. The cowpox virus CrmA protein, a member of the serpin superfamily, inhibits the enzymatic activity of ICE and ICE-mediated apoptosis. HeLa cells overexpressing crmA are resistant to apoptosis induced by Ice but not by Ich-1, another member of the Ice/ced-3 family of genes. We found that the CrmA-expressing H

Accidental cell death often leads to compensatory proliferation. In Drosophila imaginal discs, for example, gamma-irradiation induces extensive cell death, which is rapidly compensated by elevated proliferation. Excessive compensatory proliferation can be artificially induced by "undead cells" that are kept alive by inhibition of effector caspases in the presence of apoptotic stimuli. This suggests that compensatory proliferation is induced by dying cells as part of the apoptosis program. Here,

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is thought to be one of the mediators responsible for the damage of oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in multiple sclerosis (MS). We report here the involvement of the interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)/Caenorhabditis elegans gene ced-3 (CED-3) family in TNF-mediated cell death of OLGs. The addition of TNF-alpha to primary cultures of OLGs that express ice and cpp32 significantly decreased the number of live OLGs in 72 h. DNA fragmentation was detected in TNF-treated OLG

We have determined the whole promoter sequence and the transcriptional startpoint of the mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene and characterized the promoter function. We found that the cis elements for astrocyte specific expression are located within 256 bp from the transcription startpoint. We defined by DNase I footprinting assay three trans-acting factor binding sites (GFI, GFII, and GFIII) using brain or C6 astrocytoma nuclear extracts. GFI, GFII, and GFIII have AP-2, NFI, and c

Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is postulated to be involved in cell-cell interaction, neurite elongation, fasciculation of axons, cell migration, and myelination. To determine the function of L1 directly, we have transfected rat L1 cDNA into mouse fibroblast L cells. Stable transformants expressing L1 showed uniform surface expression of the molecule without phenotypic changes. Dispersed L1-expressing transfectants aggregated with faster kinetics than control cells in a homophilic manner. Diva

We have isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA encoding the rat neural cell adhesion molecule L1. The deduced amino acid sequence as a whole shows high homology to mouse L1 sequence. In addition to this complete form of L1, we found an isoform, L1cs, which lacks four amino acid residues (RSLE) in the cytoplasmic domain and probably is derived from the same single L1 gene by tissue-specific alternative splicing. While L1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the brain, L1cs mRNA was found exclus

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that removes damaged or unwanted cells, effectively maintaining cellular homeostasis. It has long been suggested that a deficiency in this type of naturally occurring cell death could potentially lead to necrosis, resulting in the release of endogenous immunogenic molecules such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and a noninfectious inflammatory response. However, the details about how danger signals from apoptosis-deficient cells a