Ryota Kobayashi

Information is transmitted in the brain through various kinds of neurons that respond differently to the same signal. Full characteristics including cognitive functions of the brain should ultimately be comprehended by building simulators capable of precisely mirroring spike responses of a variety of neurons. Neuronal modeling that had remained on a qualitative level has recently advanced to a quantitative level, but is still incapable of accurately predicting biological data and requires high c

Online social networking services allow their users to post content in the form of text, images or videos. The main mechanism driving content diffusion is the possibility for users to re-share the content posted by their social connections, which may then cascade across the system. A fundamental problem when studying information cascades is the possibility to develop sound mathematical models, whose parameters can be calibrated on empirical data, in order to predict the future course of a cascad

Online social networking services allow their users to post content in the form of text, images or videos. The main mechanism driving content diffusion is the possibility for users to re-share the content posted by their social connections, which may then cascade across the system. A fundamental problem when studying information cascades is the possibility to develop sound mathematical models, whose parameters can be calibrated on empirical data, in order to predict the future course of a cascad

This study showed a striking shift in public interest in Japan, with users splitting their attention over various themes early in the vaccination campaign and then focusing only on personal issues, as trust in vaccines and policies increased. An interrupted time series regression analysis showed that the vaccination rollout to the general population (under 65 years) increased the popularity of tweets about practical advice and personal vaccination experience, and the Tokyo Olympic Games disrupte

The set of firing rates of the presynaptic excitatory and inhibitory neurons constitutes the input signal to the postsynaptic neuron. Estimation of the time-varying input rates from intracellularly recorded membrane potential is investigated here. For that purpose, the membrane potential dynamics must be specified. We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process, one of the most common single-neuron models, with time-dependent mean and variance. Assuming the slow variation of these two mom

A neuron that is stimulated by rectangular current injections initially responds with a high firing rate, followed by a decrease in the firing rate. This phenomenon is called spike-frequency adaptation and is usually mediated by slow K(+) currents, such as the M-type K(+) current (I M ) or the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current (I AHP ). It is not clear how the detailed biophysical mechanisms regulate spike generation in a cortical neuron. In this study, we investigated the impact of slow K(+) curren

It has been established that a biological neuron reproduces the precise spike response to identical fluctuating input currents. We wish to predict the firing times of a given neuron for any input current. For this purpose, a mathematical model is introduced for mimicking the voltage response of the neuron to an input current. In predicting the firing times of a target neuron for a novel input current, we propose here the method of estimating the probability of spike occurrence, instead of naivel

Abstract During a disaster, social media can be both a source of help and of danger: Social media has a potential to diffuse rumors, and officials involved in disaster mitigation must react quickly to the spread of rumor on social media. In this paper, we investigate how topic diversity (i.e., homogeneity of opinions in a topic) depends on the truthfulness of a topic (whether it is a rumor or a non-rumor) and how the topic diversity changes in time after a disaster. To do so, we develop a method

As CMOS LSIs operate at higher clock frequency and at lower supply voltage, power integrity is becoming a critical issue to maintain digital electronic systems more stable. Power supply fluctuation excited by core circuits or I/O circuits induces logic instability and electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, total impedance of power distribution network (PDN) must be taking into consideration in the chip-package-board co-design. Especially, anti-resonance peaks in the PDN due to the parallel combin

Method for estimating the paths of the mean and variance of the input current in a neuron is proposed. The input signal reflected by the firing frequencies is then available from these moments

Legumes produce root nodules containing symbiotic rhizobial bacteria that convert atmospheric molecular nitrogen into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds. The host plant supplies photosynthetic products to root nodules forming a mutualistic system. Legumes have physiological mechanisms for regulating nodule production with chemical signals produced in leaves, called the autoregulation of nodulation. In this paper, we discuss the optimal number of root nodules that maximizes the performance

State-of-the-art techniques allow researchers to record large numbers of spike trains parallel for many hours. With enough such data, we should be able to infer the connectivity among neurons. Here we develop a computationally realizable method for reconstructing neuronal circuitry by applying a generalized linear model (GLM) to spike crosscorrelations. Our method estimates interneuronal connections in units of postsynaptic potentials and the amount of spike recording needed for verifying connec

This article presents a mini-review about the progress in inferring monosynaptic connections from spike trains of multiple neurons over the past twenty years. First, we explain a variety of meanings of "neuronal connectivity" in different research areas of neuroscience, such as structural connectivity, monosynaptic connectivity, and functional connectivity. Among these, we focus on the methods used to infer the monosynaptic connectivity from spike data. We then summarize the inference methods ba