Shinji Naganawa

ADC measurement with a parallel imaging technique showed that ADC values of prostate cancer in both the PZ and TZ were significantly lower than those of benign tissue in the PZ and TZ, respectively.

Heavily T(2)-weighted 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (hT(2)W-3D-FLAIR) technique has been reported to be more sensitive than conventional 3D-FLAIR in detecting low concentrations of gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) in fluid. We applied hT(2)W-3D-FLAIR to visualize endolymphatic hydrops of Ménière's disease in 3 patients 4 hours after single-dose intravenous injection of GBCM and successfully visualized endolymphatic hydrops in either the cochlea or vestibule in all patie

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has recently been attempted in the abdominal region. We review diffusion-weighted images of the liver, especially from the technical point of view. We discuss selection of pulse sequence parameters, effects of anti-breathing motion technique, tips for measuring apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and utility of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), showing clinical cases, including those at 3T. Our current trial of new pulse sequencing, such as SPIO-mediated bre

The enhancement of the PVS at 4 h after IV-GBCA was confirmed even in subjects without renal insufficiency. It is possible that the GBCA in the blood vessels might have permeated into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space and the PVS. This might be a first step in the imaging evaluation of the glymphatic system (waste clearance system) of the brain.

For the separate visualization of endolymph, perilymph, and bone on a single image after intravenous injection of single-dose gadodiamide, we fused gray-scale inverted positive endolymph (PEI) with native positive perilymph (PPI) images, that is, we subtracted PEI from PPI. Subtraction significantly improved the contrast noise ratio between endolymph and perilymph and the subjective visibility score for endolymphatic space. The 24 patients with the suspect of Ménière's disease were included.

3D-FASE is considered the method of choice because artifacts are reduced and specificity is increased.

The central nervous system (CNS) was previously thought to be the only organ system lacking lymphatic vessels to remove waste products from the interstitial space. Recently, based on the results from animal experiments, the glymphatic system was hypothesized. In this hypothesis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the periarterial spaces, enters the interstitial space of the brain parenchyma via aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels in the astrocyte end feet, and then exits through the perivenous space, ther

The newly optimized hT(2)W-3D-FLAIR was more sensitive than the previous method to low concentration of Gd. Visualization of the endolymphatic space by double-dose administration of intravenous Gd would be more reliable using hT(2)W-3D-FLAIR.

By optimizing the inversion time of a 3D inversion-recovery turbo spin-echo sequence at 3T, we obtained separate images of endolymphatic and perilymphatic space 24 hours after intratympanic administration of gadolinium contrast material. In patients with Ménière disease, endolymphatic hydrops were detected not only in the cochlea but also in the vestibule. Fusion of the 2 types of images visualized the entire fluid space of the labyrinth and the spatial relationship of the 2 spaces.