Shizuka Koh

Increased HOAs in dry eye at least partially result from SPK above the optical zone. The low tear volume in dry eye may not cause sequential increases in HOAs after blinking. Sequential measurement of HOAs may be useful for evaluating the sequential changes in optical quality in patients with dry eye.

Dry eye has been believed to be a chronic, symptomatic ocular surface disease that affects vision in a limited manner, because it is difficult to detect visual or optical changes using standard visual acuity testing. In practice, common visual complaints associated with dry eye include fluctuating vision with blinking, blurred vision, glare, and eye fatigue. This review discusses our past and current understanding of visual disturbances in dry eye and the various tools available for assessing vi

The precorneal tear film is maintained by blinking and exhibits different phases in the tear cycle. The tear film serves as the most anterior surface of the eye and plays an important role as a first refractive component of the eye. Alterations in tear film dynamics may cause both vision-related and ocular surface-related symptoms. Although the optical quality associated with the tear film dynamics previously received little attention, objective measurements of optical quality using wavefront se

Dynamic changes in HOAs after blinking showed variations even in clinically normal subjects. Serial measurements of HOAs may be useful in evaluating the dynamic changes in tear film and the effects on the quality of vision after blinking.

Forced eye opening required for the non-invasive tear stability assessment influences the TMH measurement possibly due to reflex tear secretion, even in patients with aqueous-deficient dry eye. TMH should be assessed before tests that require forced eye opening.

Visual disturbances were included in the definition of dry eye disease in the 2007 Dry Eye Workshop report. As a result, quality of vision (QoV) in dry eye patients has received increased attention. Corneal topography and wavefront sensors have been used to objectively and quantitatively evaluate optical quality, with data showing increases in irregular astigmatism and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in dry eye patients. Furthermore, ocular optical characteristics are influenced by the tear film

Ocular forward light scattering and corneal backward light scattering from the anterior cornea were greater in dry eyes than in normal eyes. Increased corneal backward light scattering in dry eye at least partially results from cSPK overlying the optical zone.

Rebamipide administered to treat the short BUT type of dry eye significantly improved optical quality because of the improvement in tear stability.

In dry eye, reduced contrast sensitivity in part results from central SPK overlying the optical zone and the increased straylight results from tear film instability rather than central SPK.

Contact lens wear is one of the relevant risk factors for dry eye, and the coexistence of dry eye poses a serious challenge in patients wearing contact lenses. The Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Workshop addressed issues around the topic of discomfort in contact lens wear, which is a major cause for discontinuation of contact lens wear, and termed this condition as contact lens discomfort. With the rapid advances in contact lens technology and pharmacological agents and deeper understandin

Diquafosol is a drug used for dry eye treatment with a novel mechanism of action. It stimulates the secretion of tear fluid and mucin on the ocular surface, thus enabling us to selectively treat the tear film layer, playing an important role in the establishment of the concept of "Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT)", an effective therapeutic approach to dry eye in Japan. The 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution has been widely used for the treatment of dry eye in clinical practice, and it is current

With the increasing popularity of selective lamellar keratoplasty procedures, it is important to characterize the optical differences among penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). The impact of optical differences on the visual acuity (VA) in eyes after keratoplasty is significant. Quantitative evaluation of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of anterior and posterior surfaces using a rotat

Quantitative serial measurement of HOAs and forward light scatter showed that the temporal reduction in optical quality may be attributed mainly to increased HOAs after instillation of highly viscous 0.3% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution and to increased forward light scatter after instillation of 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in healthy subjects.