Toshiyuki Takano

Rate constancy of DNA sequence evolution was examined for three species of Drosophila, using two samples: the published sequences of eight genes from regions of the normal recombination rates and new data of the four AS-C (ac, sc, l'sc and ase) and ci genes. The AS-C and ci genes were chosen because these genes are located in the regions of very reduced recombination in Drosophila melanogaster and their locations remain unchanged throughout the entire lineages involved, yielding less effect of a

Abstract Oxidation reactions of a non-phenolic β- O -4-type lignin model compound [4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether ( 1 )] were conducted in an electrolytic mediator system (EMS) using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl radical (TEMPO) or 4-acetoamido-TEMPO (AcNH-TEMPO) as mediators. The results revealed that the electrolytes strongly influenced the chemoselectivity between Cα-carbonylation and Cγ-carboxylation of compound 1 . The Cα-carbonylation proceeded preferentially in

In order to examine the operation of diversifying selection as the maintenance mechanism of excessive additive genetic variance for viability in southern populations in comparison with northern populations of Drosophila melanogaster, two sets of experiments were conducted using second chromosomes extracted from the Ogasawara population (a southern population in Japan) and from the Aomori population (a northern population in Japan). Chromosomal homozygote and heterozygote viabilities were estimat

With the aim of revealing genetic variation accumulated among closely related species during the course of evolution, this study focuses on loss of macrochaetae on the notum as one of the developmental anomalies seen in interspecific hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and its closely related species. Interspecific hybrids between a line of D. melanogaster and D. simulans isofemale lines exhibited a wide range in the number of missing bristles. By contrast, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia lin

The existence and formation of covalent lignin-carbohydrate (LC) linkages in plant cell walls has long been a matter of debate in terms of their roles in cell wall development and biomass use. Of the various putative LC linkages proposed to date, evidence of the native existence and formation mechanism of phenyl glycoside (PG)-type LC linkages in planta is particularly scarce. The present study aimed to explore previously overlooked mechanisms for the formation of PG-type LC linkages through the

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) benzyl cellulose derivatives (TBC-X), which contained both carbazole (host) and phthalimide-based TADF dye (guest) moieties, were prepared from 2,3-di-O-benzyl cellulose in high yields. The TBC-X samples were soluble in common organic solvents such as CH2Cl2, CHCl3, THF, and toluene. The photoluminescence spectra of TBC-X spin-coated films had a single emission peak derived only from guest moieties, which indicated efficient energy transfer from th

Abstract (E)‐4‐O‐Acetyl coniferyl alcohol was synthesized by the reduction of (E)‐4‐O‐acetyl ferulic acid with sodium borohydride and N,N‐dimethylchloromethylenium chloride in 80.2% yield. The glycosylation of (E)‐4‐O‐acetyl coniferyl alcohol with trichloroacetimidoyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐pivaloyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside in the presence of BF3-Et2O in anhydrous CH2Cl2, followed by deacylation gave (E)‐isoconiferin in high yield. This synthetic method could be applied to the syntheses of other monolignol