[論文レビュー] Non-Fungible Blockchain Tokens for Traceable Online-Quality Assurance of Milled Workpieces

Nicolai Maisch, Shengjian Chen+5 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 10, 2026

Digital Transformation in Industry被引用数 0

ひとこと要約

The paper proposes an NFT-based framework that stores and updates quality data of milled workpieces using Ethereum NFTs pointing to IPFS-hosted AAS data, enabling cross-company traceability with privacy through encryption.

ABSTRACT

This work presents a concept and implementation for the secure storage and transfer of quality-relevant data of milled workpieces from online-quality assurance processes enabled by real-time simulation models. It utilises Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) to securely and interoperably store quality data in the form of an Asset Administration Shell (AAS) on a public Ethereum blockchain. Minted by a custom smart contract, the NFTs reference the metadata saved in the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), allowing new data from additional processing steps to be added in a flexible yet secure manner. The concept enables automated traceability throughout the value chain, minimising the need for time-consuming and costly repetitive manual quality checks.

研究の動機と目的

• Motivate reducing repetitive manual quality checks in multi-party manufacturing.
• Leverage real-time simulation to generate a virtual workpiece for online-quality assurance.
• Use the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) and InterOpera submodels to standardize quality data.
• Establish an NFT/IPFS-based framework for secure, interoperable cross-company data exchange.

提案手法

• Create a virtual workpiece via real-time milling simulation to derive quality-relevant features.
• Represent quality data using the Quality Control for Machining submodel within an AAS and serialize it as JSON.
• Mint an ERC-721 NFT that stores a link (IPFS URI) to the AAS data, enabling updates with new manufacturing steps.
• Encrypt AAS data stored on IPFS with a symmetric key shared only with authorized partners to preserve privacy.
• Enable NFT metadata to reference updated IPFS data as manufacturing processes add new quality information.

実験結果

リサーチクエスチョン

• RQ1 How can real-time simulation-derived quality data be securely tokenized for cross-company traceability?
• RQ2 Can Ethereum NFTs coupled with IPFS provide a tamper-evident, auditable trail for milled workpiece quality data across the supply chain?
• RQ3 What privacy measures are necessary when publishing QA data on public blockchain/IPFS?
• RQ4 How can the AAS and InterOpera Submodel standards support interoperable quality data exchange in a tokenized framework?

主な発見

• An NFT can act as a proof of quality by linking to IPFS-stored QA data via a JSON metadata file.
• Data stored on IPFS is encrypted to protect privacy while maintaining decentralised accessibility.
• The NFT can be updated with new IPFS URIs as manufacturing steps proceed, preserving an auditable history of quality data.
• AAS-based data models enable standardized, interoperable quality information exchange across supply-chain partners.
• The concept was validated through a milled workpiece case and a test Ethereum environment, demonstrating the end-to-end minting and data linking workflow.