나한나 교수

Natural variability is an essential component of observations of all geophysical and climate variables. In principal component analysis (PCA), also called empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, a set of orthogonal eigenfunctions is found from a spatial covariance function. These empirical basis functions often lend useful insights into physical processes in the data and serve as a useful tool for developing statistical methods. The underlying assumption in PCA is the stationarity of the d

Sea ice reduction is accelerating in the Barents and Kara Seas. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain the accelerated loss of Arctic sea ice, which remains to be controversial. In the present study, detailed physical mechanism of sea ice reduction in winter (December-February) is identified from the daily ERA interim reanalysis data. Downward longwave radiation is an essential element for sea ice reduction, but can primarily be sustained by excessive upward heat flux from the sea surface ex

Abstract. Sea ice loss is proposed as a primary reason for the Arctic amplification, although the physical mechanism of the Arctic amplification and its connection with sea ice melting is still in debate. In the present study, monthly ERA-Interim reanalysis data are analyzed via cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis to understand the seasonal mechanism of sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic amplification. While sea ice loss is widespread over much of the perimeter of

Human activities have been suggested to result in weekly changes of meteorological variables, called the “weekend effect.” Recent debates on its statistical significance, however, reveal that there still remain huge uncertainties as to the anthropogenic origin of the weekend effect. We show that atmospheric Rossby waves induce the “natural” weekend effect, which is much stronger than the “anthropogenic” weekend effect. The “natural” weekend effect does not completely disappear even with averagin

The upper ocean heat content variability in the East/Japan Sea was investigated using a 40 year temperature and salinity data set from 1968 to 2007. Decadal variability was identified as the dominant mode of variability in the upper ocean (0–300 m) aside from the seasonal cycle. The decadal variability is strong to the west of northern Honshu, west of the Tsugaru Strait, and west of southern Hokkaido. Temperature anomalies at 50–125 m exhibit a large contribution to the decadal variability, part

Abstract The Kerama Gap, near the middle of the Ryukyu Island chain, is the deepest channel with a sill depth of 1050 m connecting the East China Sea (ECS) to the Northwestern Pacific. We measured the flow through the Kerama Gap from June 2009 to June 2011. The 2 year mean transport, 2.0 ± 0.7 Sv, is into the ECS from the Northwestern Pacific; it contributes about 11% of the mean Kuroshio transport in the ECS at the PN line. Subtidal standard deviation of the transport through the Kerama Gap is

A 35 yearlong temperature data set is analyzed to investigate the long‐term temperature variability in the Korea Strait and its relationship with the temperature variability in the upper layer of the Sea of Japan (East Sea). The second cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function mode of the vertical temperature section in the Korea Strait describes the interannual variability of the Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water (KSBCW). According to the corresponding principal component time series, the stre

We compiled and analyzed long-term time-series data collected in Korea to evaluate changes in oceanographic conditions and marine ecosystems near Jeju Island (<TEX>$33^{\circ}00^{\prime}-34^{\circ}00^{\prime}\;N$</TEX>, <TEX>$125^{\circ}30^{\prime}-127^{\circ}30^{\prime}\;E$</TEX>) from 1981 to 2010. Environmental data included depth-specific time series of temperature and salinity that have been measured bimonthly since 1961 in water columns at 175 fixed stations along 22 oceanographic lines in

Typhoon Morakot (2009) produced 2855 mm of rain and was the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan with 619 deaths and 76missing persons, including a landslide that wiped out an entire village. While Morakot did not exceed the heaviest 24-h rain record,the combination of heavy rain and long duration that led to the record accumulation is attributed to the southwest summer monsoon influence on the typhoon. Thus, a special combination of factors was involved in the Morakot disaster: (i) Strong southwe

Three-dimensional oceanic thermal structures and variability in the western North Pacific (NP) are examined on the interannual to decadal time scales and their relationship to oceanic and atmospheric variability is discussed by analyzing observation and reanalysis data for 45 years (1964–2008), which is much longer than the satellite-altimetry period. It is shown that the meridional shift of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ) is associated with the overall cooling/warm

The strong variability of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan is associated with changes in the strength of the Kuroshio shelf intrusion (KSI) in the East China Sea (ECS), which is a westward shift in the Kuroshio toward the shelf region. The KSI contributes to the exchange of different water masses between the shelf and the western boundary current regions, and plays a key role in ecosystem and climate regulation in the ECS and the downstream East Asian Marginal Seas. This study investigates the l