이홍균 교수

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of astrocytes and their extensive interactions with other cell types in the CNS. In this Review, we highlight the intricate interactions between astrocytes, other CNS-resident cells, and CNS-infiltrating cells as well as their potential therapeutic value in the context of inflammation and neurodegeneration.

T cells are the central mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. Highly specific receptor-mediated clonal selection and expansion of T cells assure antigen-specific immunity. In addition, encounters with cognate antigens generate immunological memory, the capacity for long-term, antigen-specific immunity against previously encountered pathogens. However, T-cell receptor (TCR)-independent activation, termed "bystander activation", has also been found. Bystander-activated

Cell-cell interactions in the central nervous system play important roles in neurologic diseases. However, little is known about the specific molecular pathways involved, and methods for their systematic identification are limited. Here, we developed a forward genetic screening platform that combines CRISPR-Cas9 perturbations, cell coculture in picoliter droplets, and microfluidic-based fluorescence-activated droplet sorting to identify mechanisms of cell-cell communication. We used SPEAC-seq (s

T cells generate antigen-specific immune responses to their cognate antigen as a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Despite the importance of antigen-specific T cells, here we show that antigen non-related, bystander memory-like CD4⁺ T cells also significantly contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates that interleukin (IL)-1β- and IL-23-prime T cells that express pathogenic T_Η17 signature genes such as RORγt, CCR6, and granulocyte macrophage col

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) is an important transcription factor for T cell activation and proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the role of NFATs in regulating the differentiation of effector CD4 T helper (Th) subsets including Th1 and Th17 cells. Because controlling the effector T cell function is important for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, regulation of NFAT functions in T cells would be an important strategy to control the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

As the model of most practical system cannot be obtained, the practice of typical control method is limited. Accordingly, numerous artificial intelligence control methods have been used widely. Fuzzy control and neural network control have been an important point in the developing process of the field. This paper is proposed adaptive fuzzy-neural network based on the vector controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system. The fuzzy-neural network is first utilized for the spe

Abstract Ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) is a representative form of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity observed in the primary visual cortex (V1). However, the cellular mechanisms and physiological roles of synapse elimination in ODP are largely unknown. Here, we show that astrocytic phagocytosis of thalamo-cortical synapses in V1 is a critical mediator of ODP. We found that astrocytes, but not microglia, start to engulf thalamo-cortical synapses within 24 hours after monocular deprivat

Astrocytes play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathology. Indeed, astrocyte subsets defined by specific transcriptional activation states contribute to the pathology of neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its pre-clinical model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) ^1-8 . However, little is known about the stability of these disease-associated astrocyte subsets, their regulation, and whether they integrate past stimul

A precise control of induction motor over wide speed range is an engineering challenge. This paper considers the design and implementation of novel technique of speed estimation and control for induction motor using hybrid intelligent control. The hybrid combination of neural network and adaptive fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper is proposed speed control of induction motor using adaptive neural network fuzzy(A-

Porphyromonas gingivalis is the main pathogenic factor of periodontitis. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic that affects about 10% of the world's population. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the common pathway of progression from CKD to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). During the development of RIF, renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), as the most vulnerable intrinsic cells of the kidney, can be transformed into myofibroblasts through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)