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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSmall-Molecule Two-Photon Probes for Bioimaging ApplicationsHwan Myung Kim*† and Bong Rae Cho*‡View Author Information† Department of Chemistry & Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea‡ Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoul 136-713, Korea*H.M.K. e-mail: [email protected]*B.R.C. e-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 11, 5014–5055Publication Date (Web):May 4, 2015Publication History Rece

Optical imaging with fluorescence microscopy is a vital tool in the study of living systems. The most common method for cell imaging, one-photon microscopy (OPM), uses a single photon of higher energy to excite the fluorophore. However, two-photon microscopy (TPM), which uses two photons of lower energy as the excitation source, is growing in popularity among biologists because of several distinct advantages. Using TPM, researchers can image intact tissue for a long period of time with minimum i

We designed and prepared the imidazoline-2-thione containing OCl(-) probes, PIS and NIS, which operate through specific reactions with OCl(-) that yield corresponding fluorescent imidazolium ions. Importantly, we demonstrated that PIS can be employed to image OCl(-) generation in macrophages in a co-culture system. We have also employed two-photon microscopy and PIS to image OCl(-) in live cells and tissues, indicating that this probe could have wide biological applications.

The lipid-rafts hypothesis proposes that naturally occurring lipid aggregates exist in the plane of membrane that are involved in signal transduction, protein sorting, and membrane transport. To understand their roles in cell biology, a direct visualization of such domains in living cells is essential. For this purpose, 6-dodecanoyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (laurdan), a membrane probe that is sensitive to the polarity of the membrane, has often been used. We have synthesized and characterize

Two-photon fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable technique for cellular imaging. Whereas most two-photon fluorescent probes rely on well-known fluorophores, here we report a new fluorophore for bioimaging, namely azulene. A chemodosimeter, comprising a boronate ester receptor motif conjugated to an appropriately substituted azulene, is shown to be an effective two-photon fluorescent probe for reactive oxygen species, showing good cell penetration, high selectivity for peroxynitrite

“Green” emission: A novel two-photon fluorescent probe that can detect intracellular free Mg2+ ions at a depth of a few hundred micrometers in live tissue was developed. The emission from the Mg2+–probe complex (green) shows little interference from association of the probe with other intracellular metal ions or with the cell membrane (blue).

We report a two-photon fluorescent probe (SHP-Mito) which can ratiometrically detect mitochondrial H(2)O(2) in live cells and intact tissues at >100 μm depth through the use of two-photon microscopy.

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes undergo oxidative hydrolysis to give imidazolium salts with excellent kinetic selectivity for HOCl over other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including peroxides and peroxynitrite. Selectivity for HOCl results from the electrophilic oxidation mechanism of NHC boranes, which stands in contrast to the nucleophilic oxidation mechanism of arylboronic acids with ROS. The change in polarity that accompanies the conversion of NHC boranes to imidazolium salts can cont

The development of two-photon materials has been growing very fast during the last decade due to the potential applications in optical limiting, 3D microfabrication, and multiphoton microscopy. In this article, the structure-two-photon absorption property relationships of dipolar, quadrupolar, and octupolar molecules as well as the derivatives of triphenylamine, [2.2]paracyclophanes, multi-annulenes, and porphyrins are briefly reviewed to provide a guideline for the design of efficient two-photo

A novel, two-photon probe for the detection of free Mg2+ ions in living cells and live tissues has been developed. The probe can be excited by 880 nm laser photons, emits strong two-photon excited fluorescence in response to Mg2+ ions, can be easily loaded into the cell and tissue, shows high photostability, and can measure the Mg2+ ion concentration without interference by Ca2+ ions in living cells. The intracellular dissociation constant (Kdi) for Mg2+ determined by the two-photon process is 2

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a signaling gasotransmitter, which plays various roles in modulating the functions of different systems. In this study, a "turn-on" fluorescent probe for H₂S was developed. The probe, whose design is based on a familiar excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophore bearing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, was found to exhibit an 80-fold fluorescence enhancement along with a large Stokes shift upon the addition

The living image: The efficient two-photon probes AZn1 and AZn2 (see picture for rat brain tissue) show 24- to 52-fold two-photon excited fluorescence enhancement in response to Zn2+. They can selectively detect intracellular free Zn2+ ions in live cells and in living tissues at a depth of 80–150 μm without interference from other metal ions and the membrane-bound probes. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800929_s

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) has become an indispensible tool in biology and medicine owing to the capability of imaging the intact tissue for a long period of time. To make it a versatile tool in biology, a variety of two-photon probes for specific applications are needed. In this context, many research groups are developing two-photon probes for various applications. In this Focus Review, we summarize recent results on model studies and selected examples of two-photon probes that can detect int

We report a new two-photon fluorescence turn-on probe 6-[(E)-3-oxo-1-dodecenyl]-2-[N-methyl-N-(carboxymethyl)amino]naphthalene (CL2) that is designed specifically for visualizing lipid rafts in living cells and tissues. This probe emits much brighter two-photon excited fluorescence in lipid rafts than in non-raft domains and allows direct visualization of the lipid rafts in the live cells and pyramidal neuron layer of the CA1 region at a depth of 100-250 mum in live tissues using two-photon micr