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Treatment options for retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular disorders, have markedly expanded following the development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injection methods. However, because intravitreal treatment requires monthly or bimonthly repeat injections to achieve optimal efficacy, recent investigations have focused on extended drug delivery systems to lengthen the treatment intervals in the

Depression was associated with DED symptoms in subjects with normal or mildly reduced tear production.

In Brief Purpose: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of sclertomy leakage and postoperative hypotony after 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 322 eyes of 292 patients who underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy by a single surgeon with minimum follow-up period of 1 month. The incidence and risk factors of intraoperative suture placement for leaking sclerotomies and postoperative hypotony (≤5 mmHg) were

Despite being one of the most common zoonotic infections worldwide, human toxocariasis has been one of the neglected tropical diseases. Although most human infections are asymptomatic, two main syndromes of human toxocariasis are classically recognized: systemic toxocariasis, which encompasses diseases in major organs; and ocular toxocariasis (OT), disease in the eye or optic nerve, caused by the migration of Toxocara larvae into the eye. OT is usually a unilateral disease, which typically prese

Severe hypertension resulted in exudative retinal and choroidal changes, characterized by SRF accumulation and increased SCT. Our grading system may represent retinopathy severity and predict visual outcome better than the KWB grading system in patients with severe hypertension.

Overall intraocular pharmacokinetic properties of ranibizumab in vitrectomized eyes were similar to those in nonvitrectomized eyes. Our data do not support the use of different dosing regimens of ranibizumab in vitrectomized eyes.

The incidence of RRD in the Korean population was similar to that reported previously, with the peak incidence being lower than that in the Caucasian population. The age-specific RRD incidence pattern in Korea followed a bimodal distribution.

Elevated systemic neutrophil count is associated with the presence and severity of DR as well as diabetes. This result indicates that systemic subclinical inflammation is related with DR, and neutrophil-mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR.

Our study discusses the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for OT. Evaluation of total IgE, in addition to anti-toxocara antibody, can assist in the serologic diagnosis of OT. Combined albendazole and corticosteroid therapy may reduce intraocular inflammation and recurrence. Migrating feature of granuloma is clinically important and may further suggest the diagnosis of OT. Clinicians need to carefully examine comorbid conditions for OT. OT may be associated with ingestion of uncooke

Compared with focal laser, half-dose PDT may facilitate earlier resolution of macular detachment and earlier recovery of central retinal function. However, at 3 months after treatment and thereafter, no difference in anatomical and functional recovery was noted between the two modalities of treatment.

Overall IVB PKs in rabbit eyes after vitrectomy without lensectomy are not substantially different from nonvitrectomized control eyes.

The IAT treatment may provide early restoration of retinal perfusion and offer functional benefits in the management of incomplete CRAO.