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Recent work has demonstrated the presence of voltage-gated potassium channels in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (Matteson, R., and C. Deutsch, 1984, Nature (Lond.), 307:468-471; DeCoursey T. E., T. G. Chandy, S. Gupta, and M. D. Cahalan, 1984, Nature (Lond.), 307:465-468) and a murine cytolytic T-cell clone (Fukushima, Y., S. Hagiwara, and M. Henkart, 1984, J. Physiol., 351:645-656). Using the whole cell patch clamp, we have found a potassium conductance with similar properties in a murine

In this paper, we extend the finite-element method into hierarchical higher order bases and the inexact Helmholtz decomposition. With the help of hierarchical basis functions, the approach can adopt well into the p version adaptive process. On the other hand, the inexact Helmholtz decomposition enhances the stability of the finite-element procedure when the operating frequency is low or the element size is very small compared to the wavelength. This approach can also enhance the h version adapti

Regulatory volume decreased (RVD) in lymphocytes in response to hyptonically induced swelling is dependent on the membrane permeabilities of K+, Cl-, and H2O. We used electronic cell sizing, cell water determination, and the whole cell patch-clamp method to study these membrane permeabilities in the cloned mouse T-lymphocyte, L2. Quiescent L2 cells express low levels of a voltage-gated K+ channel and show no RVD at 25 degrees C. In contrast, L2 cells stimulated to proliferate with the growth fac

Chemical and photochemical processes during storage and preparation rapidly degrade retinol, the most active form of vitamin A. Therefore, the efficacy of incorporation into liposomes in order to modulate the kinetics of retinol degradation was investigated. Retinol was readily incorporated into multilamellar liposomes that were prepared from soybean phosphatidylcholine; the extent of the incorporation was 98.14 +/- 0.93% at pH 9.0 at a ratio of 0.01 : 1 (wt : wt) retinol : phospholipid. It was

Finding an "ideal" catalyst is a matter of great interest in the communities of chemists and material scientists, partly because of its wide spectrum of industrial applications. Information regarding a physical parameter termed "adsorption energy", which dictates the degrees of adhesion of an adsorbate on a substrate, is a primary requirement in selecting the catalyst for catalytic reactions. Both experiments and in silico modeling are extensively being used in estimating the adsorption energies

A new adaptive DO (dissolved oxygen) concentration control algorithm considering DO electrode dynamics with response time delay has been developed. A system model with two time-varying parameters was used to relate the DO concentration with two control variables: air flow rate and agitation speed. Parameters of this model were estimated on-line using a regularized constant trace recursive least-squares method. An extended Kalman filter was used to remove the effect of noises from the DO concentr

The compuer model, which could simulate the transport phenomena of the COREX melter-gasifier considering the pyrolysis behavior of raw coal, was developed. This model was made up of 192 ordinary differential equations for gas and solid phases in the 1-dimensional fixed bed part and balance equations for gas phase in the combustion zone and the freeboard zone of 0-dimensional assumption. This coupled non-linear equations are calculated by the LSODE packages and Gibbs free energy minimization meth

The purpose of the study was to investigate the capability of (1)H MRS and MRI methods for detecting early response to radiation therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Studies were performed on the WSU-DLCL2 xenograft model in nude mice of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the most common form of NHL. Radiation treatment was applied as a single 15 Gy dose to the tumor. Tumor lactate, lipids, total choline, T(2) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were measured before treatment and at

The subcritical water (SCW) extraction of Chaga mushroom (CM) was carried out at various temperatures (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300°C) and times (10, 30, and 60 min), and then antioxidant activities of the SCW extracts were evaluated by determining 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power (RP), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and total phenol content (TP

The application of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment is growing rapidly. However, methods for monitoring the effectiveness of the inhibitors are still poorly developed and currently rely mainly on the tracking of changes in the tumor volume, a rather late and relatively insensitive marker of the therapeutic response. In contrast, MRS can detect changes in cell metabolism and has the potential to provide early and patient-specific markers of drug activity. Using human B-cell lymphoma models a