Hui Ming Khoo

Low-frequency stimulation via the optimal contacts is effective in improving overall motor function of patients with PD.

IED adjacent to a maximum hemodynamic response, which often corresponds to the seizure onset zone, is more likely to precede IEDs in remote locations during a widespread intracranial discharge. Thus, EEG-fMRI is a unique noninvasive method to reveal the origin of IEDs, which we propose to label the spike onset zone.

The most significant hemodynamic response to interictal discharges delineates the subset of the irritative zone that generates seizures in a high proportion of patients with difficult-to-localize focal epilepsy. EEG/fMRI generates responses that are valuable targets for electrode implantation and may reduce the need for implantation in patients in whom the most significant response satisfies the condition of our discriminant analysis.

Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) has gained global popularity in recent years. In Japan, a country in which invasive studies using subdural electrodes (SDEs) have been the mainstream, SEEG has been approved for insurance coverage in 2020 and is expected to gain in popularity. Some concepts supporting SEEG methodology are fundamentally different from that of SDE studies. Clinicians interested in utilizing SEEG in their practice should be aware of those aspects in which they differ. Success in

This is the first study to establish alterations in the DMN of patients with iNPH. DMN connectivity may be a useful indicator of the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with iNPH.

EEG-fMRI studies are unique in their ability to reveal hemodynamic concomitants of IEDs anywhere in the brain. This study proves that iEEG activity is synchronized between these regions of hemodynamic response, thus demonstrating the existence of an actual neuronally based interictal epileptic network. This also validates the EEG-fMRI approach to reveal this network noninvasively. Ann Neurol 2017;82:57-66.

fMRI could reliably and noninvasively detect the FC between heterotopic nodules. These functional connections correspond to the synchrony of interictal epileptic activity between the nodules and to the ability of nodules to generate synchronous seizure onsets or rapid seizure spread. These findings may help in understanding the complexity of the epileptogenic network in multiple heterotopic nodules and better targeting the likely epileptogenic nodules.

To our knowledge, this is the first report in which an autologous anatomic structure in the cerebellopontine angle, such as petrous dura mater, is used in the microvascular decompression of the facial nerve. This is a simple yet robust method and can be considered an option for the treatment of hemifacial spasm caused by arterial compression.

Radiation-induced gliomas are uncommon and therapeutic options are limited due to prior exposure to radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the chemotherapeutic response of anaplastic ependymoma, another rare entity in adults, is often disappointing. We report on the first recorded case of radiation-induced anaplastic ependymoma, in which an excellent clinical response to temozolomide was demonstrated.

A 60-year-old male presented with a rare case of periventricular schwannoma. Imaging studies revealed a partially calcified, well-enhanced tumor in the periventricular area of the left frontal horn. The preoperative diagnosis was low grade glioma, but postoperative pathological findings revealed that the tumor was schwannoma. Most intraparenchymal schwannomas are benign, so total extirpation is usually curative. However, this uncommon neoplasm is difficult to distinguish from mimics, especially