김건태 교수

In classifying Korean private nobi into resident nobi and outside-resident nobi, the criterion should be place of registry rather than place of actual residence. Those nobi registered in masters household registers were resident nobi, no matter where they lived. Then, those nobi left outside masters household registers were outside-resident nobi. The Chosun government classified private nobi into resident nobi and outside-resident nobi in order to distinguish those nobi subject to household tax

Using a unique data source of genealogies of upper-status families, called Bulcheonwye families, we assess how the extent of family succession through adoption changed over five centuries from 1450 to 1949 in Korea. Our analysis shows the continued increase in the share of adopted sons among total family successors up to the end of the 19th century when three out of ten family successors were adopted. The trend of the increasing role of adoption is closely related to the declining number of sons

19세기 조선의 輪栽式은 동시기 유럽의 輪栽式에 비해 훨씬 더 우수한 농법이었다. 그에 비해 밭작물의 노동생산성은 시간이 지나날 수록 오히려 하락했다. 시간이 흐름에 따라 같은 양의 곡물을 생산하기 이해서는 더 많은 일손을 들여야 했던 것이다. 조선후기 밭농사에서 확인되는 토지생산성의 상승은 비료의 多投에 근거한 것이 아니고, 노동력의 多投에 근거하고 있었다. 多品種少量生産을 내용으로 하는 밭농사의 다각화는 농산물을 시장에 출하하기 위한 것이 아니었고, 자가소비를 위한 것이었다. 농부들은 자신이 소비할 계획으로 다양한 작물을 소량으로 재배한 다음, 먹고 남는 것이 있으면 장시에 내다 팔았던 것이다. 이같이 조선후기의 농사 발전방향은 토지생산성의 상승과 노동생산성의 하락을 내용으로 하는 집약화와, 농산물의 자가소비를 목적으로 하는 다각화로 요약된다.

The marriage data such as marriage ages of both sexes and remarriage ratios in the 18th century Tansong area, examined through its hojok documents ranging 1678 through 1789 are as follows; The average marriage age of women in Tansong area is 17.5, and the optimal marriage age range is between 15 and 20. The upper class women allegedly with better economic means had more chance to marry at the time of this optimal range than the mid or low class women, whose marriage ages tend to spread outside t

This study examines the characteristics and changes in fiscal management of a sokye(a fund association of yangban literati) formed by the Suwon Paek clan at Sanggum-ri, Yongsan-myon, Changhung-kun, Cholla Province. The expenditure recorded in Sokyech'aek(Book of sokye) is larger than the actual spending, because the cho(tax) was recorded not as its actual sale price, but in as its converted value in money. The sokye in its fiscal management determined its budget based on the projected spending,

본고는 16세기 士族의 경제활동에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고, 나아가 주자성리학 확산의 사회경제적 배경을 해명할 수 있는 실마리를 찾으려는 목적에서 작성되었다. 이를 위해 이황의 家書를 분석하여 전답집적, 노비증식, 농장경영에 쏟은 이황의 열정, 그리고 財物에 대한 그의 인식 등 사회경제활동, 나아가 經濟觀念에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 이황은 단순히 많은 노비와 전답을 소유하는 것에만 만족하지 않고, 농장경영도 효율적으로 하려고 했고, 노비신공도 적극적으로 수취했다. 재산증식에 많은 관심을 가지고 있었지만 무분별하게 재산을 모으려고 하지는 않았다. 15세기까지만 하더라도 농장경영에 적극성을 보인 사족들은 그다지 많지 않았다. 15세기까지만 하더라도 사족들 가운데 다수는 한양이나 지방의 邑治에 거주하면서 科田法 통해 많은 곡물을 수취하는 경우가 대부분이었고, 이황처럼 농촌에 거주하면서 농장경영을 진두지휘한 사족은 그다지 많지 않았던 것이다. 이같이 사족들이 농촌에 거주하면서 地主的 학자로서

In this article the ages at marriage and remarriage of Tansoˇng men and women are examined through an analysis of census registers (hojoˇk) from between 1678 and 1789. It was discovered that the average age of Tansoˇng women at first marriage was 17.5, and that most women married between the ages of 15 and 20, much earlier than women in Europe in this period and slightly earlier than those in Japan, but at similar ages to Chinese women. Husbands were on average around 18 when they married. Rough

By matching the population registers with the land tax roster, the authors examine how a family's socioeconomic status, represented by the size of landholding, affected fertility behaviors among Korean women in a village of Jeju Island for the period from 1914 to 1925. Landholding is an important indicator of a family's socioeconomic condition, especially for this historical population, the majority of whom were engaged in agricultural work. The authors' discrete-time event history model shows t

The purpose of this paper is to explore the basic structure of agriculture in the late Choson, with the case of the family farming of Confucian Kim Heung-rak who was the head of Confucian scholars in Gyeongsang prefecture in the late nineteenth century. Confucian Kim did not tried to make an effort to increase his family’s property but to find the way of a save-the-nation and appeasing the people, when the nation and the people confronted with the crisis. In fact, because he owned the bulk of fa

내앞이라는 작은 공간을 통해 1910년대 식민지 권력에 저항하던 양반들의 삶을 살펴보았다. 천전 김문의 진취성은 20세기에 들어서야 발휘되기 시작했다. 청장년들의 헌신적인 행동이 마침내 문중원로들의 마음까지 움직이게 됨으로써 내앞은 신교육의 중심지가 되었던 것이다. 내앞 김문의 진취성은 나라가 망한 다음 더욱 두드러졌다. 대부분의 양반들이 고향에서 기득권을 유지하면서 살아갔던 것과 달리 다수의 내앞 김문 사람들은 독립운동을 위해 고향을 떠나 만주로 향했다. 만주로 망명한 사람들은 생활비와 독립운동 자금을 마련하기 위해 조상전래의 고향 전답을 처분할 수밖에 없었다. 고향에 있던 사람들 또한 농업경영에 매진할 수 없었다. 그들 또한 각종 사회단체에서 활동하거나 만주를 수시로 드나들었기 때문이다. 섣불리 농외투자를 했다가 막대한 손해를 입기도 하였다. 내앞 김문 사람들은 일제에 맞서느라 농업경영 합리화를 통하여 지주 수입을 극대화한 다음 축적된 자산을 생산증가 혹은 農外 부분에 투자할 수

Household registers, which were compiled every three years and contained a variety of demographic information, are invaluable sources with which to investigate family and demographic behaviors of historical populations in Korea, especially during the period of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Linking three sets of household registers that covered the area of Danseong from 1780 to 1786, in this study we examine longitudinal features of Korean household registers. We assess the degree of a

While the urban area was increasingly filled with middle- and low-status residents, the rural area was dominated by high-status settlers whose number increased because of migration from the city and natural growth. Remarkable differences existed between urban and rural marriage features such as marriage age and rate of remarriage. The more sincere adoption of the high-status marriage culture in the rural area may be attributed to its occupational homogeneity. In the rural agrarian settings, land

This article aims to explore the trends of the farm size and its orientation through the tenants who run the lands owned by Euiseong Kim Clan at Keumgye-ri, Andong, in 19th century. Although tenants who worked on the farm owned by the Kim Clan in 19th century had a variety of statuses, the farming methods they devised were in substantial agreement with each other. The farming methods such as inter-cropping (間種), depth tillage(根耕), crop-mixing(混作) were carried out in a dry field, while two crops