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Magnesium sulfate has been used in preeclampsia patients in order to prevent seizure. It is also used for the treatment of arrhythmia and asthma and as an anesthetic adjunct in patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma. However, its potentiating effects on perioperative analgesia and muscle relaxation have drawn attention recently. These characteristics of magnesium (anesthetic- and analgesic-sparing effect) enable anesthesiologists to reduce the use of anesthetics during surgery and the

The prophylactic use of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone significantly decreases the incidence and severity of sore throat and hoarseness 1 h and 24 h after tracheal extubation of a DLT.

Intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation was associated with a small but clinically important reduction in postoperative opioid use after total knee arthroplasty.

These data suggest that volatile anesthetics enhance EAAT3 activity and that protein kinase C is involved in mediating these anesthetic effects.

The PLMA showed significantly lower oropharyngeal leak pressures than did the LTS or CobraPLA in the neck extension and rotation positions. Caution is warranted when changing the position of the head and neck when using the Cobra-PLA or LTS as gastric insufflation or ventilatory difficulty may occur.

By using the Xenopus oocyte expression system, we investigated the effects of lidocaine on a glutamate transporter (EAAT3). Our findings suggest that lidocaine enhances EAAT3 activity at certain concentrations and that protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase may mediate these lidocaine effects.

In patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the combined use of ramosetron and dexamethasone was more effective than ramosetron alone for reducing the need for rescue antiemetics and pain control following the procedure.

A preoperative increase in blood pressure after position change may be a good variable to predict hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Our results show that chronic ethanol exposure decreases EAAT3 activity at clinically relevant concentrations and that this effect may be protein kinase C-dependent. Such an effect could be a neuroadaptive mechanism to overcome the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the excitatory neurotransmission.

The combination of dexmedetomidine-remifentanil can reduce the incidence of respiratory depression without increasing hemodynamic complications compared with propofol-remifentanil for MAC during hysteroscopy.

By use of the Xenopus oocyte expression system, we investigated the effects of isoflurane on muscarinic signaling and the role of protein kinase C in these effects. Our findings suggest that isoflurane inhibits muscarinic receptors through activation of protein kinase C and that the relevant phosphorylation sites are located outside the third intracellular loop.