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These studies show for the first time the potential of human NSCs as an effective delivery system to target and disseminate therapeutic agents to medulloblastoma.

Young-age MMD demonstrates rapid disease progression and results in poor clinical outcomes. These findings indicate the necessity of early surgery for young patients with MMD; however, the actual benefits should be verified with additional controlled studies, with long-term follow-up monitoring.

A unique characteristic of neural stem cells is their capacity to track glioma cells that have migrated away from the main tumor mass into the normal brain parenchyma. PEX, a naturally occurring fragment of human metalloproteinase-2, acts as an inhibitor of glioma and endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of PEX-producing human neural stem cells against malignant glioma. The HB1.F3 cell line (immortalized human neur

EDAS with bifrontal encephalogaleo(periosteal)synangiosis is a more effective surgical modality for the treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease, compared with simple EDAS, because it covers both the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery territories of the brain.

The brainstem glioma-tropic migratory capacities of MSCs from various sources were similar to those of NSCs. Genetically engineered NSCs show therapeutic efficacy against brainstem gliomas.

Sox2 is a key transcription factor that maintains the proliferation of neuroglial stem cells and inhibits neuronal fate commitment. Moreover, it was recently found that brain tumors contain stem cells that resemble normal neuroglial stem cells in many respects. This study was undertaken to describe Sox2 expression in various brain tumors, and to determine whether Sox2 expression is a universal feature of brain tumors, or whether its expression is limited to a specific lineage of brain tumors. So

Epilepsy surgery is an effective and safe therapeutic modality in childhood. In children with extratemporal epilepsy, more careful interpretation of clinical and investigative data is needed to achieve favorable seizure outcome.

The analysis of the CSF of MMD patients reveals high CRABP-I expression. The present study suggests that the elevation of CRABP-I in CSF may be a candidate for pathogenesis of MMD.

Cystoperitoneal (CP) shunting is minimally invasive and achieves a high rate of resolution on neuroimaging. However, in the absence of definite symptoms, shunting should be reconsidered, because some patients can experience shunt dependency after CP shunting. In this study, the risk of shunt dependency in patients with arachnoid cysts treated with CP shunting and the management of these patients are described. Eight patients (7 boys and 1 girl) were diagnosed as shunt dependent following CP shun

EDAS with bifrontal encephalogaleo(periosteal)synangiosis is a more effective surgical modality for the treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease, compared with simple EDAS, because it covers both the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery territories of the brain.