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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation play an important role as signal messengers in the immune system and also regulate signal transduction. ROS production, initiated as a consequence of microbial invasion, if generated at high levels, induces activation of the MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway to promote cell survival and proliferation. However, viruses hijack the host cells' pathway

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocal heat transfer in a mixing vessel using heat flux sensorsSeungjoo Haam, Robert S. Brodkey, and Julian B. FasanoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 5, 1384–1391Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00005a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00005a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations29LEA

By loading Gd(III) inside NIR-absorbing polyaniline nanostructures, a novel diagnostic and photothermal agent with enhanced MR sensitivity, targeting ability, and photothermal ability to treat epithelial cancer is developed.

Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health problem, with ≈20-25% of patients overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), an aggressive marker, yet access to early detection and treatment varies across countries. A low-cost, equipment-free, and easy-to-use polydiacetylene (PDA)-based colorimetric sensor is developed for HER2-overexpressing cancer detection, designed for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). PDA nanoparticles are first prepared through thin-film hyd

Exosomes in body fluids are important in liquid biopsy as they reflect the information of their originating cells. Thus, exosome analysis can provide valuable insights into diseases such as cancer. However, the low concentration of exosomes in body fluids is accompanied by background noise, making exosome analysis challenging. Here, a microfluidic chip in which three-dimensional nanostructures were arranged in a herringbone pattern (nanochip) that could efficiently capture specific exosomes was

Molecular targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and their stimuli-responsive release are some of the major issues for modern medical administration, particularly in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we developed a π-hyaluronan nanocarrier (πHNC) for CD44-targeted and pH-boosted delivery of an aromatic anticancer drug to cancer cells. Amphiphilic π-hyaluronan (pyrenyl hyaluronan, πHA) was synthesized using EDC chemistry, and self-assembled to form πHNC, the structure of which was obviously mi

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses serious global health concerns with the continued emergence of new variants. The periodic outbreak of novel emerging and re-emerging infectious pathogens has elevated concerns and challenges for the future. To develop mitigation strategies against infectious diseases, nano-based approaches are being increasingly applied in diagnostic systems, prophylactic vaccines, and therapeutics. This review presents the properties of various nanoplatforms and

This feature article reviews the emerging applications of activatable nanomaterials in the bio- and medical fields, namely, molecular imaging, theragnostics, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and biosensors. Nanomaterials, with an ideal size to interact with biological systems replete with nanoscopic biomolecules, are now finding applications in previously inconceivable tasks of affecting biological systems at the sub-cellular level, revolutionizing the technological developments of the bio- a

The low therapeutic efficacy of conventional cancer chemotherapy has been associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which display an M2-like phenotype, are abundant in many tumors and facilitate tumor growth and resistance to therapy. Here, we show that poly(L-arginine) (PLR), a cationic poly(amino acid) can induce the polarization of macrophages into the tumor-suppressive M1 phenotype, <i>in vitro</i>. Further, we demonstrate that hy

Specific interactions between viruses and host cells provide essential insights into material science-based strategies to combat emerging viral diseases. pH-triggered viral fusion is ubiquitous to multiple viral families and is important for understanding the viral infection cycle. Inspired by this process, virus detection has been achieved using nanomaterials with host-mimetic membranes, enabling interactions with amphiphilic hemagglutinin fusion peptides of viruses. Most research has been on d