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Viruses are frequently found in the airway of patients with pneumonia requiring ICU admission and may cause severe forms of pneumonia. Patients with viral infection and bacterial infection had comparable mortality rates.

Practice guidelines recommend at least 14 days of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). However, these recommendations have not been formally evaluated in clinical studies. To evaluate the duration of therapy for uncomplicated SAB, we analyzed data from our prospective cohort of patients with SAB. A prospective observational cohort study was performed in patients with SAB at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea between August 2008 and September 2010. All adult

Our study suggests that adequate empirical combination therapy can decrease mortality in patients with bacteremic Pseudomonas pneumonia.

While it is well-known that adjunctive corticosteroid use improves the outcome of moderate-to-severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there are limited data on its efficacy in non-HIV-infected patients with PcP. Patients undergoing fiber-optic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage for suspected PcP from January 2007 through December 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. We compared demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in

The hVISA phenotype was present in more than one-third of MRSA isolates and was independently associated with several baseline factors. Although this phenotype did not affect patient outcomes, our results indicate that targeting an initial vancomycin trough of 15-20 mg/L may be beneficial in patients with hVISA bacteraemia.

Of 522 patients with Propionibacterium acnes bacteremia (PAB), 18 (3.5%) had clinically significant PAB. Of these 18 patients, 10 (55.6%) had hospital-acquired bacteremia and 6 (33.3%) had undergone invasive procedures before development of PAB. One patient with a ventricular septal defect presented with infective endocarditis. After the exclusion of 1 patient whose outcome was not available, the overall mortality rate was 5.9% (1/17).

A total of 244 patients including 100 (41%) autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients and 144 (59%) allogeneic HCT recipients were enrolled over a 28-month period. During the study period, no prophylaxis for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection was administrated. Of these, 201 (82%) had Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scars or prior histories of BCG vaccination. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test were performed simultaneously in al

Our results suggest that concomitant pulmonary CMV infection does not significantly affect the prognosis of PCP, as indicated by morbidity and mortality in non-HIV-infected patients with PCP. Based on this result, we propose that it is not essential to administer an anti-CMV regimen when CMV is co-isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with PCP.

Among prospectively enrolled adult patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; n = 46) or cytotoxic agents (n = 90), seroprotection and seroconversion rates after seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccinations were higher with ICI than with cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results support annual influenza vaccinations for cancer patients receiving ICIs. Clinical Trials Registration clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03590808).

In previous reports on the viral causes of central nervous system (CNS) infections, it has been generally recognized that HSV-1 is a major cause of encephalitis, while HSV-2 is the predominant cause of aseptic meningitis in adults. To examine this matter, the clinical characteristics in the two types of HSV CNS infections were investigated. In a retrospective cohort study which included all adult patients (≥16 years) between January 1999 and December 2013 in a 2,700-bed tertiary care hospital, a

Spinal instrumentation in patients with HVO may be safe with pathogen-directed prolonged antibiotic therapy and should not be abandoned or delayed solely because of the risk of recurrence.

Spinal implant infection is a rare but significant complication of spinal fusion surgery, and the most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. It is difficult to treat due to this pathogen's biofilm-forming ability and antibiotic resistance. We evaluated the therapeutic outcome of treatments for S aureus spinal implant infections. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with S aureus spinal implant infections at 11 tertiary-care hospitals over a 9-year period. Parameters predictive of treatme

Data are limited on the value of non-invasive diagnostic methods, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay, and the clinical features of CMV pneumonia in patients who have undergone solid organ transplant (SOT) compared with those who have had hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). All adult patients with suspected CMV pneumonia, who had received SOT or HSCT in a tertiary hospital during a 5-year period, were retrospectively enrolled. CMV pneumonia was defined as clinical and radi