Tatsuya Daikoku

Statistical learning (SL) is a method of learning based on the transitional probabilities embedded in sequential phenomena such as music and language. It has been considered an implicit and domain-general mechanism that is innate in the human brain and that functions independently of intention to learn and awareness of what has been learned. SL is an interdisciplinary notion that incorporates information technology, artificial intelligence, musicology, and linguistics, as well as psychology and

Recent neurophysiological and computational studies have proposed the hypothesis that our brain automatically codes the <i>n</i>th-order transitional probabilities (TPs) embedded in sequential phenomena such as music and language (i.e., local statistics in <i>n</i>th-order level), grasps the entropy of the TP distribution (i.e., global statistics), and predicts the future state based on the internalized <i>n</i>th-order statistical model. This mechanism is called statistical learning (SL). SL is

It has been suggested that musical creativity is mainly formed by implicit knowledge. However, the types of spectro-temporal features and depth of the implicit knowledge forming individualities of improvisation are unknown. This study, using various-order Markov models on implicit statistical learning, investigated spectro-temporal statistics among musicians. The results suggested that lower-order models on implicit knowledge represented general characteristics shared among musicians, whereas hi

Brain models music as a hierarchy of dynamical systems that encode probability distributions and complexity (i.e., entropy and uncertainty). Through musical experience over lifetime, a human is intrinsically motivated in optimizing the internalized probabilistic model for efficient information processing and the uncertainty resolution, which has been regarded as rewords. Human's behavior, however, appears to be not necessarily directing to efficiency but sometimes act inefficiently in order to e

Music has profoundly shaped the human experience across cultures and generations, yet its impact on our minds and bodies remains elusive. This study examined how the perception of musical chord elicits bodily sensations and emotions through the brain's predictive processing. By deploying body-mapping tests and emotional evaluations on 527 participants exposed to chord progressions, we unveiled the intricate interplay between musical uncertainty, prediction error in eliciting specific bodily sens

Creativity is part of human nature and is commonly understood as a phenomenon whereby something original and worthwhile is formed. Owing to this ability, humans can produce innovative information that often facilitates growth in our society. Creativity also contributes to esthetic and artistic productions, such as music and art. However, the mechanism by which creativity emerges in the brain remains debatable. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that statistical learning contribut

When we are exposed to a novel stimulus sequence, we can learn the sequence by extracting a statistical structure that is potentially embedded in the sequence. This mechanism is called statistical learning, and is considered a fundamental and domain-general process that is innate in humans. In the real-world environment, humans are inevitably exposed to auditory sequences that often overlap with one another, such as speech sound streams from multiple speakers or entangled melody lines generated

In real-world auditory environments, humans are exposed to overlapping auditory information such as those made by human voices and musical instruments even during routine physical activities such as walking and cycling. The present study investigated how concurrent physical exercise affects performance of incidental and intentional learning of overlapping auditory streams, and whether physical fitness modulates the performances of learning. Participants were grouped with 11 participants with low

Learning and knowledge of transitional probability in sequences like music, called statistical learning and knowledge, are considered implicit processes that occur without intention to learn and awareness of what one knows. This implicit statistical knowledge can be alternatively expressed via abstract medium such as musical melody, which suggests this knowledge is reflected in melodies written by a composer. This study investigates how statistics in music vary over a composer's lifetime. Transi

Previous studies suggest that statistical learning is preserved when acoustic changes are made to auditory sequences. However, statistical learning effects can vary with and without concurrent exercise. The present study examined how concurrent physical exercise influences auditory statistical learning when acoustical and temporal changes are made to auditory sequences. Participants were presented with the 500-tone sequences based on a Markov chain while cycling or resting in ignored and attende

How the human brain perceives time intervals is a fascinating topic that has been explored in many fields of study. This study examined how time intervals are replicated in three conditions: with no internalized cue (PT), with an internalized cue without a beat (AS), and with an internalized cue with a beat (RS). In PT, participants accurately reproduced the time intervals up to approximately 3 s. Over 3 s, however, the reproduction errors became increasingly negative. In RS, longer presentation

The human brain extracts statistical regularities from the surrounding environment in a process called statistical learning. Behavioural evidence suggests that developmental dyslexia affects statistical learning. However, surprisingly few studies have assessed how developmental dyslexia affects the neural processing underlying this type of learning. We used electroencephalography to explore the neural correlates of an important aspect of statistical learning - sensitivity to transitional probabi