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For survival, it is crucial for eating behaviours to be sequenced through two distinct seeking and consummatory phases. Heterogeneous lateral hypothalamus (LH) neurons are known to regulate motivated behaviours, yet which subpopulation drives food seeking and consummatory behaviours have not been fully addressed. Here, in male mice, fibre photometry recordings demonstrated that LH leptin receptor (LepR) neurons are correlated explicitly in both voluntary seeking and consummatory behaviours. Furt

What drives us to eat? It is one of the most fundamental questions in the obesity research field which have been investigated for centuries. Numerous novel <i>in vivo</i> technologies in the neuroscience field allows us to reevaluate the multiple components and phases of food-related behaviors. Focused on the cognitive, executive, behavioral and temporal aspects, food-related behaviors can be distinguished into appetitive phase (food craving→food seeking) and consummatory phase (food consumption

We recommended a patient-doctor communication skills model that can be used for teaching and evaluating preclinical and clinical students. Further studies are needed to verify its validity and reliability.

Obesity and its comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, are major public health diseases in modern society. Despite the currently significant unmet needs of type 2 diabetes patients, effective and safe pharmacological treatments that deliver adequate weight loss and glucose control have not been discovered. Anorectic gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is widely used to treat obesity and diabetes.1,2 GLP-1 is a type of incretin released from the L cells of the large intestine and di

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the personality types of premedical students and their self-assessed communication skills and attitudes toward a communication skills course.

The results suggest that the SPs' descriptive comments on student' performance on the CPX can provide additional information versus structured quantitative assessment tools such as performance checklists and rating scales. In particular, this information can be used as valuable feedback to identify the advantages and dicadvantages of the PPI and to enhance students' communication skills.

Genetic variation in cis-regulatory elements related to splicing machinery and splicing regulatory elements (SREs) results in exon skipping and undesired protein products. We developed a splicing decision model to identify actionable loci among common SNPs for gene regulation. The splicing decision model identified SNPs affecting exon skipping by analyzing sequence-driven alternative splicing (AS) models and by scanning the genome for the regions with putative SRE motifs. We used non-Hispanic Ca

Physiological needs evoke motivational drives that produce natural behaviors for survival. In previous studies, the temporally intertwined dynamics of need and motivation have made it challenging to differentiate these two components. On the basis of classic homeostatic theories, we established a normative framework to derive computational models for need-encoding and motivation-encoding neurons. By combining the model-based predictions and naturalistic experimental paradigms, we demonstrated th

Biodegradable superabsorbents, hydrolyzed AN(acrylonitrile)-grafted-SA(sodium alginate) copolymers were prepared in this study by graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on sodium alginate and the subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting grafted copolymer. The absorbency was found to significantly depend on the % add-on, graft copolymerization conditions and hydrolysis conditions. The optimum condition for graft copolymerization to obtain the maximum % add-on (64.5%) was 4g SA, 12g AN, and 8.42g H

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Purpose: This study was designed to examine fear of falling, depression, physical fitness, and physical activity and further to identify the factors that predict physical activity among community dwelling elders. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Participants were 153 community dwelling elders from G city. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x 2 -test, t-test, ANOVA, and multinominal logistic regression a

Objectives For the successful introduction and settlement of the high school credit system, it is important to expand the role of teachers related to the operation of the high school credit system and secure expertise. To this end, it is necessary to examine the actual difficulties experienced by high school teachers in the process of operating the high school credit system and derive the new role performance required by teachers based on this. Methods Therefore, in this study, the difficulties

Abstract Eating addiction is the primary cause of modern obesity. Although the causal role of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) for eating is demonstrated in rodents, there is no evidence in primates regarding naturalistic eating behaviors. We investigated the role of LHA GABAergic (LHA GABA ) neurons in eating by chemogenetics in three macaques. LHA GABA neuron activation significantly increased naturalistic goal-directed behaviors and food motivation, which was specific for palatable food. P